66 Barker, D., “Moscow mayor has his say on jobless,” Guardian, July 11, 1983.67 Wing, J.K., Reasoning About Madness, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978; Field,M.G. and Aronson, J., “Soviet community mental health services and worktherapy: A report of two visits,” Community Mental Health Journal, 1:81–90, 1965;Hein, G., “Social psychiatric treatment of schizophrenia in the Soviet Union,”International Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 6:346–62, 1968.68 World Health Organization, <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>, p. 160.7SCHIZOPHRENIA IN THE THIRD WORLDNOTES 3291 Norquist, G.S., Regier, D.A. and Rupp, A., “Estimates of the cost of treatingpeople with schizophrenia: Contributions of data from epidemiological surveys,” inM.Moscarelli, A.Rupp and N.Sartorius (eds), Handbook of Mental Health Economicsand Health Policy: Volume I: <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1996, pp.96–101.2 Collomb, H., “Bouffées délirantes en psychiatrie Africaine,” Transcultural PsychiatricResearch, 3:29–34, 1966, p. 29.3 Schwartz, R., “Beschreibung einer ambulanten psychiatrischen Patientenpopulationin der Grossen-Kabylie (Nordalgerien): Epidemiologische und Klinische Aspekte,”Social <strong>Psychiatry</strong> (West Germany), 12:207–18, 1977.4 Smartt, C.G.F., “Mental maladjustment in the East African,” Journal of MentalScience, 102:441–66, 1956.5 Opler, M.K., “The social and cultural nature of mental illness and its treatment,” inS.Lesse, (ed.), An Evaluation of the Results of the Psychotherapies, Springfield, Illinois:C.C.Thomas, 1968, pp. 280–91.6 Tewfik, G.I., “Psychoses in Africa,” in Mental Disorders and Mental Health in AfricaSouth of the Sahara, CCTA/CSA-WFMH-WHO meeting of specialist on mentalhealth, Bukavu, London: 1958.7 Field, M.J., Search for Security: An Ethno-psychiatric Study of Rural Ghana, Chicago:Northwestern University Press, 1962.8 Fortes, M. and Mayer, D.Y., “Psychosis and social change among the Tallensi ofnorthern Ghana,” in S.H.Foulkes and G.S.Prince (eds) <strong>Psychiatry</strong> in a ChangingSociety, London: Tavistock, 1969, pp. 33–73.9 Berne, E., “Some oriental mental hospitals,” American Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 106: 376–83, 1949; Seligman, C.G., “Temperament, conflict and psychosis in a stoneagepopulation,” British Journal of Medical Psychology, 9:187–202, 1929; Jilek, W.G. andJilek-Aall, L., “Transient psychoses in Africans,” Psychiatrica Clinica (Basel), 3:337–64, 1970.10 Murphy, H.B.M., “Cultural factors in the genesis of schizophrenia,” in D.Rosenthal and S.S.Kety (eds), The Transmission of <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>, Oxford: Pergamon,1968, p. 138.11 American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-IV), Washington, DC: 1994.12 Wintrob, R.M., “Malaria and the acute psychotic episode,” Journal of Nervous andMental Disease, 156:306–17, 1973.
330 NOTES13 Rin, H. and Lin, T., “Mental illness among Formosan aborigines as compared withthe Chinese in Taiwan,” Journal of Mental Science, 108:134–46, 1962.14 De Wet, J.S. Du T., “Evaluation of a common method of convulsion therapy inBantu schizophrenics,” Journal of Mental Science, 103:739–57, 1957, p. 745.15 Laubscher, B.J.F., Sex, Custom and Psychopathology: A Study of South African PaganNatives, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1937; Simons, H.J., “Mental disease inAfricans: Racial determinism,” Journal of Mental Science, 104:371–88, 1958.16 Westermeyer, J., “Psychosis in a peasant society: Social outcomes,” American Journalof <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 137:1390–4, 1980, p. 393.17 Ibid.18 Westermeyer, J. and Wintrob, R., “‘Folk’ criteria for diagnosis of mental illness inrural Laos: On being insane in sane places,” American Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 136: 755–61, 1979, p. 755.19 Westermeyer, J., “Dr Westermeyer replies,” American Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 138: 699,1981.20 Brown, G.W., Bone, M., Dalison, B. and Wing, J.K., <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> and Social Care,London: Oxford University Press, 1966.21 Kulhara, P. and Wig, N.N., “The chronicity of schizophrenia in North West India:Results of a follow-up study,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 132:186–90, 1978.22 Ran, M., Xiang, M., Huang, M. and Shan, Y. “Natural course of schizophrenia,”British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 178:154–8, 2001.23 Sethi, B.B., Dube, K.C., John, J. et al., “Factors associated with the course andoutcome of schizophrenia. Part II: Results of one year follow-up,” Indian Journal ofSocial <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 3, 53–80, 1987.24 Srinivasan, T.N., Rajkumar, S. and Padmavathi, R., “Initiating care for untreatedschizophrenic patients and results of one year follow-up,” International Journal ofSocial <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 47:73–80, 2001.25 Murphy, H.B.M. and Raman, A.C., “The chronicity of schizophrenia inindigenous tropical peoples,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 118:489–97, 1971.26 Waxler, N.E., “Is outcome for schizophrenia better in nonindustrial societies? Thecase of Sri Lanka” Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 167:144–58, 1979.27 Lo, W.H. and Lo, T., “A ten-year follow-up study of Chinese schizophrenics inHong Kong,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 131:63–6, 1977.28 Tsoi, W.F., Kok, L.P. and Chew, S.K., “A five-year follow-up study ofschizophrenia in Singapore,” Singapore Medical Journal, 26:171–7, 1985; Tsoi, W.F.and Wong, K.E., “A 15-year follow-up study of Chinese schizophrenic patients,”Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 84:217–20, 1991.29 Verghese, A., John, J.K., Rajkumar, S. et al., “Factors associated with the courseand outcome of schizophrenia in India: Results of a two-year multicentre followupstudy,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 154:499–503, 1989.30 Thara, R., Henrietta, M., Joseph, A. et al., “Ten-year course of schizophrenia theMadras longitudinal study,” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 90:329–36, 1994.31 Makanjuola, R.O.A. and Adedapo, S.A., “The DSM-III concepts of schizophrenicdisorder and schizophreniform disorder: A clinical and prognostic evaluation,”British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 151:611–18, 1987.32 Kurihara, T., Kato, M., Reverger, R. and Yagi, G., “Outcome of schizophrenia ina non-industrialized society: Comparative study between Bali and Tokyo,” ActaPsychiatrica Scandinavica, 101:148–52, 2000.
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Recovery from SchizophreniaRecovery
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First edition published 1985by Rout
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ContentsAcknowledgments viIntroduct
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devotion to excellence in creating
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ixA NOTE ON THEORYThe materialist t
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Part IBackground
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WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 3WHAT IS SCH
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WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 9complete sy
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WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 13publicatio
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WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 19Figure 1.3
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Table 3.3 Recovery rates in the USA
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RECOVERY FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA 77the l
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RECOVERY FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA 79Table
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THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
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MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
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25 patients, and on the more distur
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MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
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Chapter 6Labor, poverty and schizop
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THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
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Part IIITreatment
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ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
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TREATMENT 247indicated, unemploymen
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TREATMENT 249success, for the lodge
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TREATMENT 251vocational programming
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TREATMENT 253the job is permanent.
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TREATMENT 255Social enterprises in
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TREATMENT 257pharmacy technicians a
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TREATMENT 261Though these results a
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TREATMENT 265• Social policy inno
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TREATMENT 267Table 12.1 Living situ
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TREATMENT 269A JAIL DIVERSION PROGR
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TREATMENT 271the office work and th
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TREATMENT 277established for some o
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SUBJECT INDEX 379atypical 20;compan
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SUBJECT INDEX 381CESP see Carer Edu
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SUBJECT INDEX 383disability pension
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SUBJECT INDEX 385diagnosis of 148;d
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SUBJECT INDEX 387Isle of Wight 33is
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SUBJECT INDEX 389Middlesex, Hanwell
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SUBJECT INDEX 391PACE see Personal
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SUBJECT INDEX 393economic condition
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SUBJECT INDEX 395self-employment 15
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SUBJECT INDEX 397symbolic thinking
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SUBJECT INDEX 399volition disturban