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UNISCI - Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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<strong>UNISCI</strong> Discussion Papers, Nº 33 (Octubre / October 2013) ISSN 1696-2206THE CPA FAILURE AND THE CONFLICT IN SOUTHERNKORDOFAN AND BLUE NILE STATESBene<strong>de</strong>tta De Alessi 1In<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt ResearcherAbstract:This article examines the conflict emerged in the Sudan’s states of Southern Kordofan and Blue Nilebetween the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army - North(SPLM/A-N) in the aftermath of the Referendum for self-<strong>de</strong>termination that led to the separation of SouthSudan from Sudan. It makes the point that the conflict in the so-called Two Areas - the North/Southbor<strong>de</strong>r regions of Sudan that fought alongsi<strong>de</strong> the SPLM/A during the country’s second civil war - is thedirect result of the failure of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) to address Sudan’s issue ofsovereignty beyond the north/south divi<strong>de</strong>, both in its <strong>de</strong>sign and implementation. As a result of the CPA,neither peace nor <strong>de</strong>mocracy was reached in Sudan. The analysis also looks at the question of liberalpeacebuilding and its flawed application in the country.Keywords: SPLM, Sudan, Conflict Resolution, Peace-building, Civil War, Peace Agreement, SouthernKordofan, Blue Nile, CPA.Resumen:En este artículo se examina el conflicto surgido en los Estados sudaneses <strong>de</strong> Kordofán <strong>de</strong>l Sur y <strong>de</strong>l NiloAzul entre el Gobierno <strong>de</strong> Sudán y el Ejército/ Movimiento <strong>de</strong> Liberación <strong>de</strong>l Pueblo <strong>de</strong> Sudán – SectorNorte (MLPS-N) en el periodo posterior al Referéndum <strong>de</strong> auto<strong>de</strong>terminación que <strong>de</strong>sembocó en lasecesión <strong>de</strong> Sudán <strong>de</strong>l Sur <strong>de</strong> Sudán. El artículo inci<strong>de</strong> en que el conflicto en las <strong>de</strong>nominadas Dos Áreas(las regiones fronterizas entre el norte y el sur <strong>de</strong> Sudán que lucharon junto al E/MLPS durante lasegunda guerra civil en el país) es el resultado directo <strong>de</strong>l fracaso <strong>de</strong>l Acuerdo General <strong>de</strong> Paz (AGP),tanto en su concepción como en su implementación, en cuanto a cómo abordar el tema <strong>de</strong> la soberanía<strong>de</strong> Sudán más allá <strong>de</strong> la división norte-sur. Ni la paz ni la <strong>de</strong>mocracia prosperaron en Sudán comoconsecuencia <strong>de</strong>l AGP. El artículo también analiza la cuestión <strong>de</strong> la construcción <strong>de</strong> paz liberal y suaplicación <strong>de</strong>fectuosa en el país.Palabras clave: MLPS, Sudán, resolución <strong>de</strong> conflictos, construcción <strong>de</strong> la paz, guerra civil, acuerdo <strong>de</strong>paz, Kordofán <strong>de</strong>l Sur, Nilo Azul, Acuerdo General <strong>de</strong> Paz.Copyright © <strong>UNISCI</strong>, 2013.Las opiniones expresadas en estos artículos son propias <strong>de</strong> sus autores, y no reflejan necesariamente laopinión <strong>de</strong> <strong>UNISCI</strong>. The views expressed in these articles are those of the authors, and do notnecessarily reflect the views of <strong>UNISCI</strong>.1 Dr. Bene<strong>de</strong>tta De Alessi is an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt researcher awar<strong>de</strong>d a PhD at SOAS, University of London, inJanuary 2013. She specialises on Sudan, South Sudan and, in particular, the SPLM/A and the SPLM<strong>de</strong>velopment in the aftermath of the civil war. She is more generally investigating the question of transformationof rebel movements into political organisations in the course of implementation of peace agreements. Herresearch belongs to the theory of politics and conflict resolution and transformation. She can be reached atbda@soas.ac.uk.79

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