Aircraft Operations

Chapter 1
AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) DEPARTURE PROCEDURES
FOR NAVIGATION SYSTEMS USING
BASIC GNSS RECEIVERS
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.1.1 Introduction
This chapter describes GNSS departures based on the use of basic GNSS as a stand-alone receiver or in a multi-sensor
RNAV environment. Flight crews should be familiar with the specific functionality of the equipment.
Note.— For text simplicity in this section, the term “flight management computer (FMC)” is used to denote the
general category of multi-sensor RNAV systems.
1.1.2 GNSS standards
1.1.2.1 The term “Basic GNSS receiver” designates the GNSS avionics that at least meet the requirements for a
GPS receiver as outlined in Annex 10, Volume I, and the specifications of RTCA/DO-208 or EUROCAE ED-72A, as
amended by United States Federal Aviation Administration FAA TSO-C129A or European Aviation Safety Agency
ETSO-C129A (or equivalent). These documents specify the minimum performance standards that GNSS receivers
must meet in order to comply with en-route, terminal area and non-precision approach procedures developed
specifically for GNSS.
1.1.2.2 The main requirement of these standards is for the GNSS receiver to have the following capabilities:
a) integrity monitoring routines, for example, receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM);
b) turn anticipation; and
c) capability for procedures retrieved from the read-only electronic navigation database.
1.1.2.3 For an FMC, the integrity monitoring routines shall support system sensor selection and usage, as well as
status and alerting indications. In this type of implementation, GNSS is just one of several different navigation
positioning sources (e.g. IRS/INS, VOR/DME and DME/DME) that may be used individually or in combination with
each other.
1.1.2.4 The FMC automatically selects the best (most accurate) source. It also permits the user to deselect or
inhibit a sensor type or specific navigation aid from use in calculating position.
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