Aircraft Operations

Chapter 1
AERODROME SURFACE OPERATIONS
1.1 Operators shall develop and implement standard operating procedures (SOPs) for aerodrome surface
operations. The development and implementation of SOPs shall take into consideration the risk factors (listed in 1.3)
associated with the following operations:
a) runway intersection take-offs;
b) line-up and wait clearances;
c) land and hold-short clearances;
d) take-offs from displaced runway thresholds;
e) hazards associated with runway crossing traffic; and
f) hazards associated with runway crossing traffic in the case of closely spaced parallel runways.
Note 1.— The Manual of Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems (SMGCS) (Doc 9476), Chapter 1, and
the Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems (A-SMGCS) Manual (Doc 9830) discuss the safety
considerations in aerodrome surface operations.
Note 2.— See Section 5, Chapter 1, for details regarding SOPs design.
Note 3.— Land and hold-short clearances/simultaneous intersecting runway operations are not ICAO procedures.
1.2. The development and implementation of SOPs for aerodrome surface operations should address, but not be
limited to, the risk factors listed in 1.3 by means of:
a) provisions regarding the timely acknowledgement of ground movement instructions;
b) provisions to ensure the acknowledgement, in standard phraseology, of all clearances to enter, land on, take off
from, hold short of, cross or backtrack the runway in use; and
Note.— The proper identification of the runway in use is prescribed in Annex 14, Volume I (Aerodromes),
Chapter 5, 5.2.2.4.
c) provisions for the use of aircraft exterior lights to increase the conspicuity of aircraft manoeuvring on
aerodrome surfaces.
Note.— The Manual of Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems (SMGCS) (Doc 9476), Chapter 4, 4.8,
discusses radiotelephony procedures and phraseology in aerodrome surface operations. Chapter 7, 7.3.6, discusses
misunderstood clearances.
III-4-1-1 23/11/06