Aircraft Operations

Part II — Section 3, Chapter 1
II-3-1-7
1.4.15 The pilot shall ensure that the receiver is sequenced to the appropriate waypoint for the segment of the
procedure being flown, especially if one or more flyovers are omitted (FAF rather than IAF if the procedure turn is not
flown). The pilot may have to bypass one or more flyovers of the same waypoint in order to start GNSS sequencing at
the proper place in the sequence of waypoints.
1.4.16 For FMC installations providing a control display unit or graphical user interface and an electronic map
display, the pilot should have sufficient situational awareness and means to conveniently monitor and ensure that the
procedure to be flown is consistent with the cleared procedure.
1.4.17 GNSS procedures are developed based upon features built into the basic GNSS receiver. These features are
provided to permit a reduced flight technical error (FTE) as a result of increasing the sensitivity of the CDI at specific
points during the approach.
1.4.18 For FMC installations, the same may be true where pilot tracking performance relies on the CDI. In the
cases where flight director guidance cues or FMC/autopilot coupled operation is provided, along with an electronic
map display, the FTE is managed and reduced based upon the choice of guidance control as well as the method of
displaying the tracking information.
1.4.19 All FMCs and some stand-alone basic GNSS receivers provide altitude information. However, the pilot
must still comply with the published minimum altitudes using the barometric altimeter. Where the FMC provides
vertical information, flight director guidance cues, or coupled autopilot operation, the pilot should follow the
appropriate information or cues along with any necessary cross checks with the barometric altimetry.
1.4.20 The equipment will automatically present the waypoints from the IAF to the MAHF, unless a manual pilot
action has already been taken.
1.4.21 Sequencing at the MAPt
1.4.21.1 Basic GNSS equipment may not automatically sequence to the next required waypoint. In this case, it
may be necessary to manually sequence the GNSS equipment to the next waypoint.
1.4.21.2 An FMC will provide for automatic sequencing.
1.4.22 Radar vectors
1.4.22.1 With basic GNSS stand-alone equipment, it may be required to manually select the next waypoint so that
GNSS is correctly using the appropriate database points and associated flight paths.
1.4.22.2 For FMC installations, the systems typically provide what is known as a “direct-to” capability to support
radar vectors under FMC guidance.
1.5 INITIAL APPROACH SEGMENT
1.5.1 Offset IAFs
1.5.1.1 Offset IAFs in procedures based on the “Y” or “T” bar design concept for basic GNSS are aligned such
that a course change of 70° to 90° is required at the IF. A capture region is associated with each IAF of the basic GNSS
procedure from which the aircraft will enter the procedure. The capture region for tracks inbound to the offset IAFs
23/11/06