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nobility, then in arms. A terrible quarrel between the
foreigners assembled in York and the English broke out.
They fought without Walmgate Bar, when 527 foreigners
and 242 Enghsh lost their lives, after which peace was
restored. Edward, being of a warlike disposition, had the
city walls and towers thoroughly repaired, strengthened,
and put in a complete state of defence. Twenty years later,
Queen Philippa again entered the city, after the battle of
Neville's Cross, with David Bruce, of Scotland, her prisoner.
In 1389, the youthful Eang Richard II. visited York, to
settle a dispute between the Archbishop and clergy on the
one hand, and the mayor and citizens on the other. It was
on this occasion that Richard took his sword from his side
and presented it to William de Selby, then mayor, to be borne
before him and his successors for ever, with the point
erect, except in the presence of the crown, conferring, at the
same time, the title of " Lord Mayor," which his successors
have ever since retained
"
. My Lord is a Lord for a year and a day
But my Lady's a Lady for ever and aye."
A few years afterwards, Richard presented a mace to the
liOrd Mayor,
and a cap of maintenance to the sword-bearer.
All these venerable insignia of office may be seen in the
Mansion-house, the official residence of the chief magistrate,
and are always used by him to the present day on public or
state occasions. In 1392, the courts of chancery and king's
bench were held in York, but only remained here about
six months.
Few English cities passed through more numerous and
violent changes than did the City of York during the wars of
the Roses. Through the influence of the noble houses of
Neville, Percy, and Scrope, the citizens became involved in
quarrels, opposed to the reigning monarch Henry IV., by whom
a royal mandate was issued, forfeiting the municipal rights
and liberties of the citizens, and by the same act the justly
celebrated Scrope, Archbishop of York, lost his life. He
was beheaded in a field near to Bishopthorpe, and his head,
together with that of Thomas Mowbray, Earl Marshal of
England, who suffered with him, was placed on a spear above
the walls of the city. In a very short time the rights of the
citizens were restored to them. The head of Richard Plan-