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again, and very shortly come to the old postern gate of
George-street. On our right we pass the spacious Cattle
Market, beyond which may be seen the new War Offices^,
the campanile tower of Melbourne Street Wesleyan Chapel
to the left the elevated ground whereon the besieging army
was encamped in 1644, now occupied by the Retreat, an
asylum for the insane, belonging to the Society of Friends^-
We now arrive at
WALMGATE BAE,
*
the most unique and only one in England with barbican complete.
The bar itself consists of a square tower, with turretsat
the angles, but not so lofty as any of the others, and
barbican, which was rebuilt in 1648, after the siege. This
bar was erected in the reign of Edward L, and the barbican
in that of Edward III. Above the entrance on the inside,
and partly supported on stone pillars, is a domestic building
of timber and plaster of the time of Elizabeth. The old
doors, wickets, and portcullis still exist in a state of good
preservation. The arms of Henry Y., England and France,
quarterly, ornament the front of the bar, and those of the
city the front of the barbican, with the date of its restoration.
The wall beyond the bar to the eastward is the oldest
portion, and consists for some distance of a series of irregular
arches of rude stonework of great antiquity, by some supposed
to be the work of Eoman hands. A short distance
further on is the Red Tower, so called from being built of brick,,
with which the walls end on this side the city. From Walmgate
Bar to this point they are in good repair, and are available
as a promenade ; but being low, and the country very
flat, no good views are to be had : the spire of Heworth Church
is seen on the horizon. From the Red Tower to Layerthorpe
Bridge the city was protected in ancient times by the river
Foss, so that a wall was considered unnecessary. Crossing
the Foss Islands, as this low, marshy piece of ground is called^
to Layerthorpe, and over the bridge, we come to where
formerly stood a tower or keep. Ascending the steps, we
proceed onwards to Monk Bar, having on the outside of the
walls Jewbury (in ancient times the Jews' quarter) and
Barker Hill, with a view of the County Hospital, the Gas-
Works, and the new church of St. Maurice close to the Bar.
On the inside we see St. Cuthbert's Church, and overlook