DELIVERING THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY A TOOLKIT FOR POLICYMAKERS

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174 • DELIVERING THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY – A TOOLKIT FOR POLICYMAKERS LIST OF FIGURES 20 Figure 1: Circular economy – an industrial system that is restorative and regenerative by design 21 Figure 2: The ReSOLVE framework: six action areas for businesses and countries wanting to move towards the circular economy 25 Figure 3: The economic opportunity of the circular economy 26 Figure 4: Estimated potential contribution of the circular economy to economic growth, job creation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions 40 Figure 5: Step-by-step methodology 44 Figure 6: Circularity baselining in the Denmark pilot 45 Figure 7: Six policy intervention types with examples 46 Figure 8: Policy landscape in the Denmark pilot 48 Figure 9: Potential contribution of the circular economy to ‘common’ policymaker ambitions 49 Figure 10: Measuring the circular economy – initial suggestions from ‘Growth Within’ 51 Figure 11: Results of sector prioritisation in Denmark pilot 55 Figure 12: Indicative prioritisation of ReSOLVE action areas for 20 sectors in Europe 56 Figure 13: Qualitative assessment of potential of opportunities for the Construction & Real Estate sector in the Denmark pilot 60 Figure 14: Schematic overview of sector-specific impact quantification 61 Figure 15: Example of barrier analysis for opportunity ‘sharing and multi-purposing of buildings’ in Denmark pilot 62 Figure 16: Mapping policy interventions to barriers 66 Figure 17: Policy intervention relevance by level of government in Denmark 75 Figure 18: Methodological options for economic impact assessment modelling 76 Figure 19: Overview of a ‘hybrid’ CGE approach 78 Figure 20: Overview of direct and indirect effects in pilot CGE modelling 79 Figure 21: How economy-wide circular economy policy might complement sectorspecific policy 83 Figure 22: Prioritisation of opportunities 84 Figure 23: Example roadmap 94 Figure 24: Ten circular economy opportunities in five focus sectors 96 Figure 25: Illustrative status of circular economy in Denmark today and potential by 2035 95 Figure 26: Estimated potential impact of further transitioning to the circular economy in Denmark 99 Figure 27: Breakdown of potential economic impact by quantified opportunity 100 Figure 28: Barrier matrix for the ten prioritised opportunities in Denmark 108 Figure 29: Main sources of food waste in global food value chain – production and consumption
DELIVERING THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY – A TOOLKIT FOR POLICYMAKERS • 175 126 Figure 30: Examples of what remanufacturing and new business models could look like for pumps in Denmark 127 Figure 31: Estimated potential adoption rates and value creation in wind turbines and pumps in the Denmark pilot 131 Figure 32: Share of plastic packaging collected for recycling in Denmark 139 Figure 33: Share of purchased goods in Danish hospitals that could be covered by performance models 151 Figure A1: Summary of methods and data used in the sector selection in the Denmark pilot 152 Figure A2: Overview of scoring of ‘Role in national economy’ in the Denmark pilot 153 Figure A3: Overview of scoring of ‘Circularity potential’ in the Denmark pilot 154 Figure B1: Short-term and long-term scenarios used in the Denmark pilot 156 Figure B2: Qualitative opportunity prioritisation of focus sectors in the Denmark pilot 157 Figure B3: Value capture in cascading bio-refineries 158 Figure B4: Reduction of avoidable food waste 159 Figure B5: Industrialised production and 3D printing of building modules; reuse and high-value recycling of components and materials 160 Figure B6: Sharing and multi-purposing of buildings 161 Figure B7: Remanufacturing and new business models 162 Figure B8: Increased recycling of plastic packaging 162 Figure B9: Performance models in procurement 163 Figure C1: Overview of a Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model 165 Figure C2: Sectoral and geographical aggregates in the CGE Model in the Denmark pilot 167 Figure C3: Generic structure of production functions in the CGE Model 167 Figure C4: Potential approaches and trade-offs for representing circularity within a CGE framework 168 Figure C5: Data sources used in the baseline calibration and CGE modelling in the Denmark pilot 171 Figure D1: Snapshot and description of the policy assessment tool 172 Figure D2: Worked example of the implementation of the scoring methodology. LIST OF BOXES 30 Box 1: Natural systems degradation 67 Box 2: Policy case example – The Scottish Institute for Remanufacture 68 Box 3: Policy case example – Dutch Green Deal 70 Box 4: Policy case example – Circular public procurement in the US 72 Box 5: Policy case example – Danish Taskforce for Resource Efficiency 124 Box 6: Remanufacturing and refurbishment 130 Box 7: The Global Plastic Packaging Roadmap
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DELIVERING THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY A TOOLKIT FOR POLICYMAKERS

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