DELIVERING THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY A TOOLKIT FOR POLICYMAKERS
20150924_Policymakers-Toolkit_Active-links
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94 • <strong>DELIVERING</strong> <strong>THE</strong> <strong>CIRCULAR</strong> <strong>ECONOMY</strong> – A <strong>TOOLKIT</strong> <strong>FOR</strong> <strong>POLICYMAKERS</strong><br />
Figure 24: Ten circular economy opportunities in five focus sectors<br />
FOOD AND<br />
BEVERAGE<br />
1<br />
Value capture in cascading bio-refineries<br />
2<br />
Reduction of avoidable food waste<br />
CONSTRUCTION<br />
AND REAL<br />
ESTATE<br />
3<br />
4<br />
Industrialised production and 3D printing of<br />
building modules<br />
Reuse and high-value recycling of components and<br />
materials<br />
5<br />
Sharing and multi-purposing of buildings<br />
MACHINERY<br />
6<br />
Remanufacturing and new business models<br />
PLASTIC<br />
PACKAGING<br />
7<br />
Increased recycling of plastic packaging<br />
8<br />
Bio-based packaging where beneficial<br />
HOSPITALS<br />
9<br />
Performance models in procurement<br />
10<br />
Waste reduction and recycling<br />
SOURCE: Ellen MacArthur Foundation<br />
These ten identified opportunities are already being pursued to some extent today,<br />
inside or outside Denmark. There is however significant potential to scale up. Doing<br />
so could bring Denmark from the – dependent on the sector – early or advanced<br />
transitioning economy it is today to an advanced transitioning and in some areas almost<br />
fully circular economy by 2035 (see Figure 25 on the next double page spread).<br />
For the impact assessment, two scenarios were defined – ‘conservative’ and ‘ambitious’<br />
– to differentiate assumptions on the scalability of the focus products to the wider<br />
focus sectors, and of the five focus sectors to adjacent producing sectors. The impact<br />
estimated for pumps and windmills, for example, is scaled up to the full machinery<br />
sector. The impact for the machinery sector is then, in turn, scaled up to the adjacent<br />
electronics sector. In the conservative scenario, such scale-up is heavily discounted – for<br />
example, when scaling up the results from the construction of buildings to infrastructure<br />
construction, these results are reduced by 80%. In the ambitious scenario, higher scaleup<br />
rates are used. A detailed overview of the scale-up used in the two scenarios can be<br />
found in Appendix B.<br />
Overall, the underlying assumptions for both scenarios can be considered relatively<br />
conservative. The scenarios rely, for example, only on technologies currently at<br />
commercial stage or late R&D. In addition, the analysis focused on the producing