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Table II. United States projected year 2000 standard population and proportion distribution, by age, for age-adjusting death rates prior to 2001 Proportion distribution Standard Age Population (weight) million Total . ................................ 274,634,000 1.000000 1,000,000 Under 1 year ........................... 3,795,000 0.013818 13,818 1–4 years ............................. 15,192,000 0.055317 55,317 5–14 years ............................ 39,977,000 0.145565 145,565 15–24 years. . .......................... 38,077,000 0.138646 138,646 25–34 years. . .......................... 37,233,000 0.135573 135,573 35–44 years. . .......................... 44,659,000 0.162613 162,613 45–54 years. . .......................... 37,030,000 0.134834 134,834 55–64 years. . .......................... 23,961,000 0.087247 87,247 65–74 years. . .......................... 18,136,000 0.066037 66,037 75–84 years. . .......................... 12,315,000 1 0.044842 44,842 85 years and over. . . ..................... 4,259,000 0.015508 15,508 1 Figure is rounded up instead of down to force total to 1.0. SOURCE: CDC/NCHS. Anderson RN, Rosenberg HM. Age standardization of death rates: Implementation of the year 2000 standard. National vital statistics reports; vol 47 no 3. Hyattsville, MD: NCHS; 1998. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr47/ nvs47_03.pdf. result from age differences in population composition. Age-adjusted rates should be viewed as relative indexes rather than actual measures of risk. Age-adjusted rates are calculated by the direct method, as follows: where n ∑ r i ×(p i /P) i= 1 r i = rate in age group i in the population of interest p i = standard population in age group i n P= ∑ p i i= 1 n = total number of age groups over the age range of the age-adjusted rate. Age adjustment by the direct method requires the use of a standard age distribution. The standard for age-adjusting death rates and estimates from surveys in Health, United States is the projected year 2000 U.S. resident population. Starting with Health, United States, 2000, the projected year 2000 U.S. standard population replaced the 1970 civilian noninstitutionalized population for age-adjusting estimates from most NCHS surveys; and starting with Health, United States, 2001, it was used uniformly and replaced the 1940 U.S. population for age-adjusting mortality statistics and the 1980 U.S. resident population, which previously had been used for age-adjusting estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Changing the standard population has implications for racial and ethnic differentials in mortality. For example, the mortality ratio for the black to white populations is reduced from 1.6 using the 1940 standard to 1.4 using the 2000 standard, reflecting the greater weight the 2000 standard gives to the older population, in which race differentials in mortality are smaller. Age-adjusted estimates from any data source presented in Health, United States that use the projected year 2000 U.S. resident population may differ from age-adjusted estimates based on the same data presented in other reports if different age groups are used in the adjustment procedure. For more information on implementing the 2000 population standard for age-adjusting death rates, see: Anderson RN, Rosenberg HM. Age standardization of death rates: Implementation of the year 2000 standard. National vital statistics reports; vol 47 no 3. Hyattsville, MD: NCHS; 1998. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr47/ nvs47_03.pdf. For more information on the derivation of age-adjustment weights for use with NCHS survey data, see: Klein RJ, Schoenborn CA. Age adjustment using the 2000 projected U.S. population. Healthy People 2010 statistical notes, no 20. Hyattsville, MD: NCHS; 2001. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statnt/statnt20.pdf.The projected year 2000 U.S. standard population is available from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program: http:// seer.cancer.gov/stdpopulations/stdpop.singleages.html. Mortality data—Death rates are age-adjusted to the projected year 2000 U.S. standard population (Table I). Prior to 2001 data, age-adjusted rates were calculated using standard million proportions based on rounded population numbers (Table II). Starting with 2001 data, unrounded population numbers are used to age-adjust. Adjustment is based on 11 age groups, with two exceptions. First, age-adjusted death rates for black 396 Appendix II. Definitions and Methods Health, United States, 2014
males and black females in 1950 are based on nine age groups, with under 1 and 1–4 combined as one group, and 75–84 and 85 and over combined as one group. Second, age-adjusted rates for years of potential life lost before age 75 also use the projected year 2000 standard population and are based on eight age groups: under 1, 1–14, 15–24, and 10-year age groups through 65–74. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)—Estimates based on the National Health Examination Survey and NHANES are generally ageadjusted to the projected year 2000 U.S. standard population by using five age groups: 20–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, and 65–74 or 65 and over (Table I). Prior to Health, United States, 2001, these estimates were age-adjusted to the 1980 U.S. resident population. National Health Care Surveys—Estimates based on the National Hospital Discharge Survey, the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey are ageadjusted to the projected year 2000 U.S. standard population (Table I). Information on the age groups used in the age-adjustment procedure is contained in the footnotes to the specific tables. National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)—Estimates based on NHIS are age-adjusted to the projected year 2000 U.S. standard population (Table I). Prior to Health, United States, 2000, NHIS estimates were age-adjusted to the 1970 civilian noninstitutionalized population. Information on the age groups used in the ageadjustment procedure is contained in the footnotes to the specific tables. AIDS—See Appendix II, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Alcohol consumption—Alcohol consumption is measured differently in the following data systems. (Also see Appendix II, Binge drinking.) Monitoring the Future (MTF) Study—This school-based survey of secondary school students collects information on alcohol use by using self-completed questionnaires. To determine whether they have tried alcohol in their lifetime, students are asked a preliminary alcohol consumption (defined as beer, wine, liquor, and any other beverage that contains alcohol) screening question: ‘‘Have you ever had any alcoholic beverage to drink—more than just a few sips?’’ Students who reply in the affirmative are then asked additional questions about their alcohol consumption over different time frames: ‘‘On how many occasions (if any) have you had alcohol to drink—more than just a few sips... in your lifetime, ...in the last 12 months, ...in the last 30 days?’’ A subsequent question asks, ‘‘Think back over the last two weeks. How many times have you had five or more drinks in a row?’’ A drink is defined as a bottle of beer, a glass of wine, a shot glass of liquor, a mixed drink, etc. National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)—Starting with the 1997 NHIS, information on alcohol consumption has been collected in the Sample Adult questionnaire. Adult respondents are asked two screening questions about their lifetime alcohol consumption: ‘‘In any 1 year, have you had at least 12 drinks of any type of alcoholic beverage?’’ and ‘‘In your entire life, have you had at least 12 drinks of any type of alcoholic beverage?’’ Persons who report at least 12 drinks in a lifetime are then asked several questions about alcohol consumption in the past year: ‘‘In the past year, how often did you drink any type of alcoholic beverage?’’ and ‘‘In the past year, on those days that you drank alcoholic beverages, on the average, how many drinks did you have?’’ Adults who had at least one drink in the past year were also asked, ‘‘In the past year, on how many days did you have five or more drinks of any alcoholic beverage?’’ Levels of alcohol consumption are defined as follows: light drinkers, 3 drinks or fewer per week; moderate drinkers, more than 3 and up to 14 drinks per week for men and more than 3 and up to 7 drinks per week for women; heavier drinkers, more than 14 drinks per week for men and more than 7 drinks per week for women, on average. National Survey on Drug Use & Health (NSDUH)—Starting in 1999, NSDUH information about the frequency of the consumption of alcoholic beverages in the past 30 days has been obtained for all persons surveyed who are aged 12 and over. An extensive list of examples of the kinds of beverages covered is given to respondents prior to question administration. A drink is defined as a can or bottle of beer, a glass of wine or a wine cooler, a shot of liquor, or a mixed drink with liquor in it. Those times when the respondent had only a sip or two from a drink are not considered consumption. Alcohol use is based on the following questions: ‘‘During the past 30 days, on how many days did you drink one or more drinks of an alcoholic beverage?’’, ‘‘On the days that you drank during the past 30 days, how many drinks did you usually have?’’, and ‘‘During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have five or more drinks on the same occasion?’’ Any-listed diagnosis—See Appendix II, Diagnosis. Average annual rate of change (percent change)—In Health, United States, average annual rates of change, or growth rates, are calculated as follows: where [(P n /P o ) 1/N –1]×100 P n = later time period P o = earlier time period N = number of years in interval. This geometric rate of change assumes that a variable increases or decreases at the same rate during each year between the two time periods. Health, United States, 2014 Appendix II. Definitions and Methods 397
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Copyright information Permission ha
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Preface Health, United States, 2014
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Accessing Health, United States Hea
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Contents
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Trend Tables Health Status and Dete
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Figure 28. Prescription drug use in
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List of Trend Tables Health Status
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Table 64. Healthy weight, overweigh
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State Health Expenditures and Healt
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Health, United States, 2014: At a G
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Highlights This section presents se
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Use of Preventive Medical Care Serv
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Chartbook: Figures 1-19
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Mortality Selected Causes of Death
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Disability Measures Basic Actions D
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Health Risk Factors Overweight and
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Health Insurance Coverage Among Adu
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Personal Health Care Expenditures M
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Special Feature on Adults Aged 55-6
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Health, United States, 2014: Profil
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Selected Chronic Conditions For adu
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Current Cigarette Smoking In 2012-2
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Health Insurance Coverage For adult
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Use of Preventive Services and Scre
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Delay or Nonreceipt of Medical Care
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Data table for Figure 20. Death rat
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Data table for Figure 22. Serious o
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Data table for Figure 24. Participa
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Data table for Figure 26. Health ca
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Data table for Figure 28. Prescript
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Technical Notes Data Sources and Co
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26. Martinez ME, Cohen RA. Health i
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83. CDC. Vaccine recommendations of
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Table 1 (page 1 of 3). Resident pop
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Table 1 (page 3 of 3). Resident pop
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Table 2 (page 2 of 2). Persons belo
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Table 3 (page 2 of 3). Crude birth
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Table 4 (page 1 of 2). Teenage chil
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Table 5. Nonmarital childbearing, b
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Table 7 (page 1 of 3). Low birthwei
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Table 7 (page 3 of 3). Low birthwei
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Table 9 (page 1 of 6). Contraceptiv
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Table 10. Breastfeeding among mothe
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Table 11 (page 2 of 2). Infant, neo
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Table 13 (page 1 of 3). Infant mort
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Table 13 (page 3 of 3). Infant mort
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Table 15 (page 1 of 2). Life expect
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Table 16 (page 1 of 2). Life expect
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Table 17 (page 1 of 2). Age-adjuste
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Table 19 (page 1 of 4). Years of po
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Table 19 (page 3 of 4). Years of po
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Table 20 (page 1 of 4). Leading cau
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Table 23 (page 2 of 4). Death rates
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Table 36 (page 1 of 2). Occupationa
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Table 37 (page 1 of 2). Selected no
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Table 38 (page 1 of 2). Human immun
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Table 39 (page 1 of 5). Health cond
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Table 42 (page 1 of 2). Respondent-
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Table 43 (page 1 of 2). Number of r
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Table 44 (page 1 of 2). Diabetes pr
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Table 45 (page 1 of 2). End-stage r
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Table 46 (page 1 of 3). Severe head
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Table 46 (page 3 of 3). Severe head
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Table 47 (page 2 of 2). Disability
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Table 48 (page 2 of 2). Vision limi
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Table 49 (page 2 of 2). Hearing lim
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Table 50 (page 2 of 2). Respondent-
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Table 51 (page 2 of 2). Serious psy
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Table 52 (page 2 of 2). Current cig
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Table 55 (page 2 of 2). Use of sele
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Table 56 (page 2 of 3). Use of sele
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Table 57 (page 1 of 3). Health risk
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Table 57 (page 3 of 3). Health risk
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Table 58 (page 2 of 3). Heavier dri
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Table 59 (page 1 of 2). Selected he
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Table 60 (page 1 of 2). Hypertensio
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Table 61 (page 1 of 4). Cholesterol
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Table 61 (page 3 of 4). Cholesterol
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Table 62 (page 1 of 2). Mean macron
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Table 63 (page 1 of 5). Participati
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Table 64 (page 2 of 7). Healthy wei
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Table 65 (page 1 of 2). Obesity amo
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Table 66 (page 1 of 2). Untreated d
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Table 67 (page 1 of 2). No usual so
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Table 68 (page 1 of 2). No usual so
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Table 69 (page 1 of 3). Delay or no
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Table 69 (page 3 of 3). Delay or no
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Table 70 (page 2 of 2). No health c
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Table 71 (page 2 of 3). Health care
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Table 72 (page 1 of 3). Vaccination
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Table 72 (page 3 of 3). Vaccination
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Table 74 (page 1 of 2). Influenza v
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Table 75 (page 1 of 2). Pneumococca
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Table 76 (page 1 of 3) . Use of mam
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Table 76 (page 3 of 3). Use of mamm
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Table 77 (page 2 of 5). Use of Pap
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Table 77 (page 4 of 5). Use of Pap
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Table 78 (page 1 of 2). Use of colo
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Table 79 (page 1 of 4). Emergency d
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Table 81 (page 2 of 2). Initial inj
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Table 82 (page 2 of 3). Visits to p
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Table 83 (page 1 of 2). Visits to p
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Table 84 (page 1 of 2) . Dental vis
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Table 85 (page 1 of 2). Prescriptio
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Table 86 (page 1 of 3). Selected pr
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Table 86 (page 3 of 3). Selected pr
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Table 87 (page 2 of 4). Persons wit
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Table 87 (page 4 of 4). Persons wit
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Table 88 (page 2 of 3). Discharges,
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Table 89 (page 1 of 3). Discharge r
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Table 89 (page 3 of 3). Discharge r
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Table 90 (page 2 of 4). Discharges
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Table 90 (page 4 of 4). Discharges
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Table 92. Active physicians and phy
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Table 94. Doctors of medicine in pr
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Table 96. Healthcare employment and
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Table 98. Hospitals, beds, and occu
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Table 100. Occupancy rates in commu
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Table 101 (page 2 of 2). Nursing ho
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Table 102 (page 2 of 2). Gross dome
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Table 103 (page 2 of 2). National h
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Table 104 (page 2 of 3). Personal h
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Table 105 (page 1 of 3). Cost of ho
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Table 105 (page 3 of 3). Cost of ho
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Table 106 (page 2 of 3). Expenses f
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Table 107 (page 1 of 3). Sources of
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Table 107 (page 3 of 3). Sources of
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Table 109 (page 1 of 2). National h
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Table 110. Employers' costs per emp
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Table 111 (page 2 of 3). Private he
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Table 113 (page 2 of 3). Medicaid c
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Table 114 (page 1 of 3). No health
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Table 114 (page 3 of 3). No health
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Table 115 (page 2 of 2). Health ins
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Table 116 (page 2 of 2). Medicare e
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Table 117 (page 2 of 2). Medicare b
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Table 118 (page 2 of 2). Medicaid b
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Page 367 and 368: Appendix Contents Appendix I. Data
Page 369 and 370: Mammography .......................
Page 371 and 372: Appendix I. Data Sources Health, Un
Page 373 and 374: institutional group quarters popula
Page 375 and 376: entire survey. In addition, some of
Page 377 and 378: Another source of Medicaid informat
Page 379 and 380: For More Information. See the CMS R
Page 381 and 382: Sample data are weighted to produce
Page 383 and 384: The estimation procedure used to pr
Page 385 and 386: with the Armed Forces (although the
Page 387 and 388: areas. EDs are treated as their own
Page 389 and 390: Methodology. NIS is a nationwide te
Page 391 and 392: National Notifiable Diseases Survei
Page 393 and 394: interviewing (ACASI), are used to p
Page 395 and 396: Coverage. Data presented in Health,
Page 397 and 398: Heron M, Hoyert DL, Murphy SL, et a
Page 399 and 400: specified rules for the collection,
Page 401 and 402: Quality Improvement Evaluation Syst
Page 403 and 404: information on treatment and payer
Page 405 and 406: Reference American Dental Associati
Page 407 and 408: For More Information. See The Guttm
Page 409: Table I. United States projected ye
Page 413 and 414: hypertension. Those with uncontroll
Page 415 and 416: Table IV. Cause-of-death codes, by
Page 417 and 418: High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (A
Page 419 and 420: Table V. Comparability of selected
Page 421 and 422: Dental caries was identified by an
Page 423 and 424: For more information on prescriptio
Page 425 and 426: public-use data release. NCHS. 2014
Page 427 and 428: Figure I. U.S. Census Bureau: Four
Page 429 and 430: with only Indian Health Service (IH
Page 431 and 432: Table VII. Percentage of persons un
Page 433 and 434: analytic purposes. See: NAACCR guid
Page 435 and 436: cause of death in ICD-9. The asteri
Page 437 and 438: Table IX. Codes for external causes
Page 439 and 440: U.S. life tables by Hispanic origin
Page 441 and 442: for Healthcare Research and Quality
Page 443 and 444: Affordable Care Act Provides Eligib
Page 445 and 446: Micropolitan statistical area—The
Page 447 and 448: In 2000 and 2003, women were asked
Page 449 and 450: see Appendix I, Population Census a
Page 451 and 452: Table XII. Codes for procedure cate
Page 453 and 454: Table XIV. Private health care cove
Page 455 and 456: the extent that race and Hispanic o
Page 457 and 458: Perinatal mortality rates and ratio
Page 459 and 460: coverage are considered uninsured.
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Index
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A—Con. Table/Figure (F) Asian or
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D Table/Figure (F) Deaths, death ra
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H—Con. Table/Figure (F) Hispanic
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M—Con. Table/Figure (F) Metropoli
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S Table/Figure (F) Salmonellosis, s
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