hus14

completed the vaccine series. In October 2011, HPV
vaccination was recommended for males aged 11 and 12.
Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/
mmwrhtml/mm6050a3.htm.
Boosters (revaccination) of vaccinations received during
childhood or adulthood are necessary for some vaccines. In
addition to keeping current with the vaccines listed above,
and annual influenza vaccination, some additional
vaccinations are recommended for older adults, persons
with specific health conditions, or health care workers who
are likely to be exposed to infectious persons. Herpes zoster
vaccination is recommended one time for adults aged 60
and over, and pneumococcal vaccination is recommended
one time for adults aged 65 and over.
For a full discussion of recommended vaccination schedules
by age and population, see CDC's vaccination and
immunization website at: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/
schedules/index.html.
Influenza vaccination—In the National Health Interview
Survey, questions concerning influenza vaccination were
slightly different across the survey years. Respondents
were asked, ‘‘During the past 12 months, have you had a
flu shot? A flu shot is usually given in the fall and protects
against influenza for the flu season.’’ Beginning in
September 2003, respondents were asked about
influenza vaccination by nasal spray (sometimes called
by the brand name FluMist) during the past 12 months,
in addition to the question regarding the flu shot.
Starting with 2005 data, receipt of nasal spray or a flu
shot was included in the calculation of influenza
vaccination estimates. In 2010, additional questions were
asked about the receipt of the H1N1 flu shot and spray,
including month and year received. These H1N1
questions, and the original seasonal flu questions, were
asked only in quarters 1 and 2 and the first several weeks
of quarter 3. Beginning August 11, 2010, revised flu
vaccination questions replaced all flu vaccination
questions fielded earlier in 2010 and were used in 2011
and beyond. The revised questions reflect the
introduction of a new combined flu vaccination that
protects against both the seasonal and H1N1 strains. For
more information regarding 2010 influenza questions,
see: ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/
Dataset_Documentation/NHIS/2010/srvydesc.pdf.
The prevalence of influenza vaccination during the
past 12 months may differ from season-specific
coverage, and estimates from different data sources
may differ (additional estimates are available from:
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/).
Wages and salaries—See Appendix II, Employer costs for
employee compensation.
Years of potential life lost (YPLL)—YPLL is a measure of
premature mortality. Starting with Health, United States,
1996, YPLL has been presented for persons under age 75
because the average life expectancy in the United States is
over 75 years. YPLL–75 is calculated using the following
eight age groups: under 1, 1–14, 15–24, 25–34, 35–44,
45–54, 55–64, and 65–74. The number of deaths for each age
group is multiplied by years of life lost, calculated as the
difference between age 75 years and the midpoint of the
age group. For the eight age groups, the midpoints are 0.5,
7.5, 19.5, 29.5, 39.5, 49.5, 59.5, and 69.5 years, respectively.
For example, the death of a person aged 15–24 counts as
55.5 years of life lost. Years of potential life lost is derived by
summing years of life lost over all age groups. In Health,
United States, 1995 and earlier editions, YPLL was presented
for persons under age 65. For more information, see: CDC.
Premature mortality in the United States: Public health
issues in the use of years of potential life lost. MMWR
1986;35(SS–02):1S–11S. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/
mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001773.htm.
446 Appendix II. Definitions and Methods Health, United States, 2014