KathaUpanishad

• It is beyond the smallest of atoms.
ananya-prokte — a teacher who is non-different i.e. has realised his essential
identity with Paramātman, having personal and immediate experience, he is lifted
above sectarian disputes.
There are several different readings for this rather abstruse verse:
It may also simply mean; “taught by some one other than the inferior mentioned
earlier, i.e. a superior person who knows the truth. Or taught by another — someone
other than oneself, i.e. By some skilful teacher.'
Some other rendering by Non-dual (Advaita) scholars;
Advaita considers the Saul of Man as identical with the Supreme Brahman the
Paramatman.
(a) “When the (supreme) Self, that is non-different from, and is, one's very Self
is properly taught; there is nothing else to be known. For the realisation of the unity of
the Self is the culmination of all knowledge. Therefore, as there is no knowable,
there remains nothing to be known here”.
(b) “When the theory of the non-dual Self is taught followed by realisation, there remains
no further transmigration; for liberation which is the result of that realisation,
follows, immediately”.
(c) “When the Self is taught by a teacher who has become identified with the Brahman
that he teaches, there is no “non-realisation”. To the student, the realisation, "I am that
(Self)", dawns, just as it did in the case of the teacher.”
The Qualified Non-dual Visiṣṭ
ṣṭadvaita interpretation is:
For Ramanuja, the understanding, which a person gets about the Self when taught by
one who has realised Brahman is impossible to get when taught by a person of
inferior capacity who has not realised Brahman. But the realisation spoken of cannot be
"identity with Brahman” as Shankara thinks, because if there is only One ātman and
One Brahman which are both identical then realisation would mean the total and
exclusive non-perception of difference. Therefore, who would teach and who would be
the taught? It would in fact be like one teaching one's self while looking in the mirror!
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