[Edited_by_A._Ciancio,_C.N.R.,_Bari,_Italy_and_K.(Bookos.org)

IPM OF CITRUS PESTS IN GREECE
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In twice-flowering lemons, good control of P. citri can be obtained by forcing
early flowering in spring and summer, before the adult flight peaks of the pest in
each season are observed (Calabretta & Nucifora, 1985).
2.6.3. Chemical Control
Registered insecticides (active substances), which can be used against P. citri in
Greece, include Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai (citron, grapefruit, lemon,
mandarin, orange), B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (citron, grapefruit, lemon,
mandarin, orange), chlorpyrifos (grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, orange, pumelo),
cypermethrin (grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, orange), flucythrinate (grapefruit,
lemon, mandarin, orange), paraffin oil (grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, orange,
pumelo) and petroleum oil (grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, orange) (Authorized Plant
Protection Products Data Base of the Hellenic Ministry of Rural Development and
Food, 2008).
2.6.4. Recommended IPM Strategies
Regulation of flowering before the adult flight peaks of the pest in secondflowering
lemons is recommended. Selective chemicals could be applied, if
necessary, after monitoring of infestation by sampling of flowers and newly
formed fruits.
2.7. Thrips
Thrips species infesting citrus in Greece include the greenhouse thrips Heliothrips
haemorrhoidalis (Bouché) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (Katsoyannos, 1996a;
Tzanakakis & Katsoyannos, 2003) and the Kelly’s citrus thrips Pezothrips
kellyanus (Bagnal) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) which was first recorded in
Peloponnese (Korinthos) in 1981 (Zur Strassen, 1986; Palmer, 1987). The
greenhouse thrips H. haemorrhoidalis infests mainly citron and lemon whereas the
Kelly’s citrus thrips P. kellyanus infests mainly lemon and orange with grapefruit
following and mandarin being almost invulnerable (except the mandarin variety
Minneola (tangelo) in Chania-Crete) (Varikou, Tsitsipis, Alexandrakis, & Mound,
2002).
In samplings performed in Chania – Crete in spring 2003, P. kellyanus was the
only thrips species collected in lemon and mandarin orchards and the most
abundant one collected in orange and grapefruit orchards. Some Thrips spp. were
also found on mandarin and grapefruit in lower numbers whereas Frankliniella
occidentalis was a minor species found solely in mandarin samples (Varikou,
2006).
In general, thrips are considered as a minor pest of citrus causing qualitative
damage (scarring or escharosis) of the fruits (Katsoyannos, 1996a; Varikou et al.,
2002; Tzanakakis & Katsoyannos, 2003; Hellenic Ministry of Rural Resources and
Food, 2006, unpublished data).