[Edited_by_A._Ciancio,_C.N.R.,_Bari,_Italy_and_K.(Bookos.org)

HERBIVORY & PLANT DEFENSE
205
synthesized for longer duration and controlled insect population. Similarly, due to
the adaptation of herbivores to modify the blends of chemicals, the role of plant
volatiles in inviting predators or parasites results in an ecosystem-wide effect,
influencing the flow of material and energy along the trophic level, as well as the
population equilibrium levels, at each trophic level. Due to co-evolution of synthesis
of herbivore repelling volatiles in plants and their modification by herbivores, cyclic
population changes, concerning both the herbivores and primary producers, can also
be affected. This aspect needs attention and attempts to increase the amount of data
through further studies and may prove useful in biological control of crop herbivory.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors acknowledge the Departments of Botany and Zoology, Aligarh Muslim
University for necessary facilities, and funding agencies for financial assistance.
Farha-Rehman acknowledges U.G.C. for research fellowship. S.M.A. Badruddin
thanks ICAR for funding through the “Network Project on Insect Biosystematics”.
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