[Edited_by_A._Ciancio,_C.N.R.,_Bari,_Italy_and_K.(Bookos.org)

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CONTENTS
3.4. Wildlife Benefits ................................................................................ 151
3.5. Establishment and Maintenance. . ....................................................... 151
3.6. Costs and Savings .............................................................................. 152
4. Integrated Pest Management in Pecan Orchards ....................................... 152
References ..................................................................................................... 156
7 Locust Habitat Monitoring and Risk Assessment Using Remote Sensing
and GIS Technologies ................................................................................. 163
Alexandre V. Latchininskyand Ramesh Sivanpillai
1. Introduction. .............................................................................................. 163
2. Remote Sensing, Geographic Information
Systems (GIS), and Global Positioning Systems (GPS)............................ 165
2.1. Remote Sensing ............................................................................... 165
2.2. Information Extraction ..................................................................... 169
2.3. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) .......................................... 169
2.4. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) .................................................. 171
3. Remote Sensing and Locust Pest Management ......................................... 172
3.1. Desert Locust Biology and Habitat Requirements ............................. 173
3.1.1. Habitat Mapping and Post-Damage Assessment. ..................... 174
3.2. Migratory Locust Biology and Habitat Requirements ....................... 177
3.2.1. Habitat Mapping and Post-Damage Assessment ...................... 177
3.3. Australian Plague Locust ................................................................... 179
3.3.1. Habitat Mapping and Post-Damage Assessment ...................... 179
3.4. Other Locusts ..................................................................................... 181
Conclusions ................................................................................................... 182
References ..................................................................................................... 183
8 Plant Defenses Against Insect Herbivory .................................................. 189
Farha-Rehman, Fareed A. Khan, Shoeba B. Anis and S. M. A. Badruddin
1. Introduction. .............................................................................................. 189
2. Plant Defense Mechanisms ........................................................................ 190
3. Insect Diversity and Crop Damage ............................................................ 192
4. Herbivory .................................................................................................. 193
4.1. Insect Herbivores ............................................................................... 193
4.2. Plant Responses to Insect Herbivory .................................................. 194
4.3. Plant Reaction to Previous Herbivores ............................................... 194
4.4. Impact of Herbivory on Ecosystem .................................................... 195
4.5. Herbivore Strategies ........................................................................... 196
4.6. Simulation of Herbivory ..................................................................... 197
5. Defense Strategies ..................................................................................... 198
5.1. Plant Defense Strategies . .................................................................... 198
5.2. Plant Receptor Molecules ................................................................... 199