[Edited_by_A._Ciancio,_C.N.R.,_Bari,_Italy_and_K.(Bookos.org)

MITE PATHOGENS IN IPM
257
Table 1 Continued
Tetranychus
neocaledonicus
Tetranychidae Breeuwer and Jacobs (1996)
Tetranychus turkestani Tetranychidae Breeuwer and Jacobs (1996)
Tetranychus quercivorus Tetranychidae Gotoh, Abe, Kurihara, and
Suzuki (1995)
Tetranychus urticae Tetranychidae Breeuwer and Jacobs (1996)
Tsagkarakou, Guillemaud,
Rousset, and Navajas (1996)
Metaseiulus occidentalis Phytoseiidae Johanowicz and Hoy (1966)
Breeuwer and Jacobs (1996)
Neoseiulus barkeri Phytoseiidae Breeuwer and Jacobs (1996)
Neoseiulus bibens Phytoseiidae Breeuwer and Jacobs (1996)
Phytoseiulus persimilis Phytoseiidae Steiner (1993) and Breeuwer
and Jacobs (1996)
Cardinium sp.
Brevipalpus phoenici
Brevipalpus californicus
Euseius finlandicus
Neoseiulus californicus
Metaseiulus occidentalis
Tenuipalpidae
Tenuipalpidae
Phytoseiidae
Groot and Breeuwer (2006)
Chigira and Miura (2005)
Enigi and Schausberger
(2007) Hoy and Jeyaprakash
(2008)
Spiroplasma
Tetranychus urticae
Dermanyssus gallinae
Tetranychidae
Dermanyssidae
Enigi and Schausberger (2007),
De Luna, Valente Moro, Guy,
Zenner, and Sparagano (2009)
Serratia
marcescens
Metaseiulus occidentalis Phytoseiidae Lighthart, Sewall, and
Thomas (1988)
Mite and also tick species are frequently infected with intra-cellular
microorganisms (Šut’áková, 1988, 1994; Steiner, 1993; Munderloh & Kurtti, 1995;
Bjørnson et al., 1997) These microorganisms have been placed into the family
Rickettsiaceae within the class α-Proteobacteria. The family Rickettsiaceae (or
Rickettsia-like organisms) consists of three tribes: Rickettsieae, Ehrlichieae and
Wolbachieae (Weiss & Moulder, 1984). Representatives of these tribes have a number
of features in common: they are obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria naturally
found in arthropod hosts, they multiply inside eukaryotic cells and are often
surrounded by multiple membranes. Some are also capable of infecting humans and
other vertebrates and are frequently pathogenic in these secondary hosts They often
cause severe diseases such as spotted fever, typhus and scrub typhus (Hayes &
Burgdorfer, 1989). A good classification of these organisms has been hampered by the
fact that classical microbiological identification tools cannot be used because of their