[Edited_by_A._Ciancio,_C.N.R.,_Bari,_Italy_and_K.(Bookos.org)

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CONTENTS
2.3.3. Chemical Control........................................................................ 41
2.3.4. Recommended IPM Strategies ................................................... 41
2.4. The Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella. ....................................... 42
2.4.1. Sampling and Monitoring . .......................................................... 43
2.4.2. Biological Control. ..................................................................... 43
2.4.3. Cultural Practices ....................................................................... 44
2.4.4. Chemical Control........................................................................ 44
2.4.5. Recommended IPM Strategies. .................................................. 45
2.5. Aphids. ................................................................................................. 45
2.5.1. Sampling and Monitoring . .......................................................... 46
2.5.2. Biological Control ...................................................................... 46
2.5.3. Chemical Control........................................................................ 47
2.5.4. Recommended IPM Strategies. .................................................. 47
2.6. The Citrus Flower Moth, Prays citri .................................................... 48
2.6.1. Sampling and Monitoring . .......................................................... 48
2.6.2. Biological Control and Cultural Practices .................................. 48
2.6.3. Chemical Control........................................................................ 49
2.6.4. Recommended IPM Strategies ................................................... 49
2.7. Thrips ................................................................................................... 49
2.8. Mite Pests. ............................................................................................ 50
2.8.1. Biological Control and Cultural Practices .................................. 51
2.8.2. Chemical Control........................................................................ 51
2.8.3. Recommended IPM Strategies. .................................................. 53
3. Arthropod IPM in Citrus Throughout the Year ........................................... 53
References ....................................................................................................... 53
3 Biological Control in Citrus in Spain: from Classical to Conservation
Biological Control .........................................................................................
Josep Anton Jacas and Alberto Urbaneja
1. Introduction. ................................................................................................ 61
2. The Origins: Classical Biological Control in Citrus. ................................... 64
3. Augmentation Versus Inoculation ............................................................... 65
4. Fortuitious Biological Control ..................................................................... 66
5. The Cornerstone: Conservation ................................................................... 66
5.1. The First Step: Pesticide Side-Effect Testing ....................................... 67
5.2. Alternative Host and Banker Plants. .................................................... 67
5.3. Ground Cover Mangement Strategies .................................................. 69
Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 70
References ....................................................................................................... 70
61