[Edited_by_A._Ciancio,_C.N.R.,_Bari,_Italy_and_K.(Bookos.org)

CONTENTS
ix
4 Citrus Integrated Pest Management in Italy. .............................................. 73
Lucia Zappalà
1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 73
2. Main Pests and Their Control Methods ....................................................... 74
2.1. Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell). .............................................................. 75
2.2. Aspidiotus nerii Bouché ....................................................................... 79
2.3. Phyllocnistis citrella (Stainton) ............................................................ 80
2.4. Planococcus citri (Risso). .................................................................... 87
2.5. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). .......................................................... 89
3. Secondary Pests ........................................................................................... 93
References ....................................................................................................... 94
5 Entomopathogenic Nematode Ecology and Biological Control
in Florida Citrus Orchards ............................................................................................ 101
Raquel Campos-Herrera, Robin J. Stuart, Fahiem El-Borai,
Carmen Gutierrez and Larry Duncan
1. Introduction. .............................................................................................. 101
2. IPM of the Diaprepes-Phytophthora Complex ......................................... 104
2.1. Diaprepes Economic Importance, Biology and Management ............ 104
2.2. EPN Biology and Use in IPM Programs ............................................ 105
2.3. Spatial Relationships Between Soils, Root Weevils and
Endemic EPNs ..................................................................................... 107
3. From Augmenting to Conserving EPNs .................................................... 110
3.1. Soil Food Webs and EPN Spatial and Temporal Patterns .................. 111
3.2. Identifying Factors that Regulate EPN Abundance and Efficacy ...... 113
Conclusions ................................................................................................... 123
References ..................................................................................................... 123
SECTION 2 - ADVANCED IPM TECHNOLOGIES
6 Integration of Insect and Mite Management with Disease and Weed
Control in Pecan Production . ..................................................................... 133
James D. Dutcher, Lenny Wells, Timothy B. Brenneman
and Michael G. Patterson
1. Pests Impede the Versatility of the Pecan Tree ......................................... 133
2. Pest Control Methods. ............................................................................... 136
2.1. Insect and Mite Pest Management in Pecan Orchards. ...................... 137
2.2. Pecan Disease Management. .............................................................. 140
2.3. Weed Management in Pecan Orchards .............................................. 143
3. Benefits of Crimson Clover and Legumes Use in Pecan Orchards. .......... 146
3.1. Pecan Nitrogen Use and Compatibility with Crimson Clover............ 147
3.2. Enhancement of Pest Management .................................................... 148
3.3. Soil Building and Sustainability. . ....................................................... 149