On the Spectrum

Chapter 7
Table 2 Brain morphology and Internalizing Problems at 6 years (n=794).
Internalizing problem class vs. no problems Model 1 Model 2 Model 2
Brain morphology
B (95%CI)
P value
-31.5 (-58.2, -4.8)
Total Brain Volume, cm 3 0.02
-23.6 (-40.7, -6.5)
Total Gray Volume, cm 3 0.01
-20.7 (-35.8, -5.5)
Cortical Gray Volume, cm 3 0.02
-7.3 (-17.4, 2.9)
Cerebral White Matter Volume, cm 3 0.16
Subcortical volumes
-71.5 (-149.7, -7.0)
Right amygdala volume, mm 3 0.03
-52.0 (-109.4, 5.4)
Left amygdala volume, mm 3 0.08
-42.7 (-145.7, 60.3)
Right hippocampus, mm 3 0.42
11.7 (-89.9, 113.2)
Left hippocampus, mm 3 0.82
B (95%CI)
P value
-16.7 (-43.5, 10.2)
0.22
-12.7 (-29.9, 4.5)
0.15
-11.7 (-26.9, 3.5)
0.13
-3.7 (-14.0, 6.6)
0.48
-69.5 (-135.6, -3.5)
0.04
-41.7 (-100.1, 16.8)
0.16
-11.8 (-117.0, 93.5)
0.83
49.4 (-53.9, 152.6)
0.35
B (95%CI)
P value
-54.6 (-116.9, 7.8)
0.09
-27.2 (-80.5, 26.1)
0.32
19.3 (-72.9, 111.4)
0.68
76.1 (-13.3, 165.5)
0.10
Model 1 adjusted for sex and age at scanning
Model 2 additionally adjusted for maternal age, education, history of smoking and drinking in pregnancy, maternal history of psychopathology in
pregnancy, and child age at behavioral assessment, ethnicity, and intelligence
Model 3 additionally adjusted for total brain volume
Internalizing problems was defined using a latent profile analysis performed on all Child Behavior Checklist/1½–5 syndrome scales(Basten, Althoff et
al. 2013)
*Bs reflect differences in brain morphological measures in children with internalizing problems vs. children with no problems.
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