On the Spectrum

Recommendations

Info

Cortical morphology in children with autistic traits SUPPLEMENT Covariates Child ethnicity was defined using the ethnicity categorization of ‘Statistics Netherlands’ (1). Handedness of the child was obtained using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (2). Maternal education was defined as highest education completed (3) and household income was defined by the total net monthly income of the household. Information on maternal alcohol use and smoking during pregnancy was obtained using questionnaires from each trimester of pregnancy. Child attention problems, which are known to be highly comorbid with autistic traits (4), were measured at the age of 6 years using the Attention Problems (AP) syndrome scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for ages 1.5-5. Non-verbal IQ at age 6 was estimated from the Mosaics and Categories subtest of the Snijders-Oomen Non-Verbal Intelligence Test –Revised (5). Total brain volume was calculated by adding up the bilateral supratentorial volumes and cerebellum. 2 In all regression analyses in SPSS, missing values of potential confounding (family) risk factors (7.5% for IQ, 0.1% for handedness, 2.6% for maternal education, 3.9% for household income, 9.1% for alcohol use during pregnancy and 3.1% for smoking during pregnancy) were imputed using the multiple imputation (Markov chain Monte Carlo) method in SPSS with 5 imputations and 10 iterations. The Social Responsiveness Scale The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) is a 65-item questionnaire that represents the parent’s observation of the child’s social behavior during the past six months. Each item is scored from 0 (‘never true’) to 3 (‘almost always true’). The SRS can be scored on a total scale and on social cognition, social communication and social mannerism subscales. Higher scores indicate more problems. The SRS covers various dimensions of interpersonal behavior, communication and repetitive/stereotypic behavior characteristics of autism spectrum disorders. When using a clinical cut-off score, the SRS was found to have high sensitivity (0.85) and moderate specificity (0.75) in a sample of 61 child psychiatric patients (6). Associations of SRS total scores with ADI-R algorithm scores for DSM-IV criterion sets were on the order or 0.7 in that same sample and in another sample of 119 children with special educational needs ADI-R total scores correlated 0.59 with SRS total scores (7). The 18-items questionnaire in the current study contained items from the following subscales: social cognition, social communication and autistic mannerism. In the Generation R sample, the Cronbach’s alpha indicated high inter-item reliability for the SRS (alpha=0.79). In a sample of 3857 children aged 4-18 years (as part of the Social Spectrum Study, a multicenter study social development in the children referred to a mental health care institution in the 43
Chapter 2 South-West of the Netherlands from 2010-2012) the correlation between total scores derived from the selected 18 items (SRS short-form) and the SRS scores derived from the complete test was r=0.95 (p
Page 1 and 2: On the Spectrum the neurobiology of
Page 3 and 4: ISBN: 978-94-6233-336-9 © Laura Bl
Page 5 and 6: PROMOTIECOMMISSIE Promotoren Overig
Page 8: MANUSCRIPTS THAT FORM THE BASIS OF
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 10
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1 Cuthbert, Garvey, Heinsse
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1 folding of the brain into
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 beneficial for treatment
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 REFERENCES Achenbach, T.
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S.
Page 24: IPart I: The neurobiology of autist
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 2 ABSTRACT Objective: Recen
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2 Hardan 2010) and right pa
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2 Statistical analysis To i
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2 Gyrification Six regions
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 2 The association remained
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 2 Table 4. Autistic traits
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 2 While we found widespread
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 2 REFERENCES Amaral, D. G.,
Page 43: Chapter 2 Wallace, G. L., P. Shaw,
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 2 Supplementary Figure 1. F
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2 Supplementary Figure 3. G
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 2 Supplementary Figure 5. C
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 2 Supplementary Table 1. No
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 2 Supplementary Table 3. Ca
Page 58 and 59: 3 A Prospective Study of Fetal Head
Page 60 and 61: A Prospective Study of Fetal Head G
Page 76: A Prospective Study of Fetal Head G
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 4 ABSTRACT Background: Auti
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 4 An important trend concep
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 4 the 18-item abbreviated v
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 4 data were aligned into a
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 4 Autistic traits and white
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 4 Table 4. TBSS: autistic t
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 4 of group differences rela
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 4 Cook, P. A., Y. Bai, S. N
Page 95 and 96:
Chapter 4 White, T., H. El Marroun,
Page 98 and 99:
5 From Chronnectivity To Chronnecto
Page 100 and 101:
From Chronnectivity To Chronnectopa
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
nalysis did not reveal any FDR-corr
Page 130:
Page 134 and 135:
6 Cognitive functioning in children
Page 136 and 137:
Cognitive functioning in children w
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164:
Page 167 and 168:
Chapter 7 ABSTRACT Objectives: In c
Page 169 and 170:
Chapter 7 profile analysis performe
Page 171 and 172:
Chapter 7 have been demonstrated pr
Page 173 and 174:
Chapter 7 Next, we examined associa
Page 175 and 176:
Chapter 7 Table 2 Brain morphology
Page 177 and 178:
Chapter 7 Table 3 Cortical thicknes
Page 179 and 180:
Chapter 7 Our finding was suggestiv
Page 181 and 182:
Chapter 7 Using empirically defined
Page 183 and 184:
Chapter 7 Fischl, B. and A. M. Dale
Page 185 and 186:
Chapter 7 Supplement Table 1 Brain
Page 188:
IIIPart III
Page 191 and 192:
Chapter 8 190
Page 193 and 194:
Chapter 8 stable relationships, and
Page 195 and 196:
Chapter 8 gyrification changes in p
Page 197 and 198:
Chapter 8 genetic or environmental
Page 199 and 200:
Chapter 8 diseases, according to th
Page 201 and 202:
Chapter 8 ability may be even more
Page 203 and 204:
Chapter 8 symptoms could be more sp
Page 205 and 206:
Chapter 8 association of maternal v
Page 207 and 208:
Chapter 8 REFERENCES Abrahams, B. S
Page 209 and 210:
Chapter 8 Goddard, M. N., S. van Ri
Page 211 and 212:
Chapter 8 Sebat, J., B. Lakshmi, D.
Page 214 and 215:
SSummary Samenvatting
Page 216 and 217:
Summary SUMMARY Despite evidence fr
Page 218 and 219:
Summary along a continuum were used
Page 220 and 221:
Samenvatting SAMENVATTING Genetisch
Page 222:
Samenvatting jonge kinderen die zic
Page 225 and 226:
224
Page 227 and 228:
Addendum Mous SE, Schoemaker NK, Bl
Page 229 and 230:
228
Page 231 and 232:
Addendum Zoeken in andere databases
Page 233 and 234:
Addendum School of Women’s and In
Page 235 and 236:
234
Page 237 and 238:
Addendum Graag wil ik Dr. Marion Sm
Page 239 and 240:
Addendum hebben. Dank in het bijzon
Page 241 and 242:
240
show all

On the Spectrum

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?