Hydrocarbon Vision 2030 (ஹைட்ரோகார்பன் தொலைநோக்கு ஆவணம் 2030)

11.4 Bhutan
Bhutan has no natural petroleum or natural gas reserves. The kingdom has some 1.3 million tonnes of
coal reserves, but extracts only about 1,000 tonnes of coal annually, entirely for domestic
consumption. Bhutan also imports 1,000 BPD of oil. Majority of the oil import is for automobiles.
In the early 21st century, households comprised about 70% of Bhutan’s energy consumption. Lately,
heating and cooking with firewood, in particular, accounted for 70-90% of total energy consumption
and virtually 100% of household energy consumption. In contrast, commercial activities in Bhutan are
fueled mostly by hydroelectricity (about 97%), some fossil fuel-based thermal power (about 3%), and
a minimal amount of other fossil fuels. As a result, Bhutan sells much of its hydroelectricity to India
during the summer months.
This also presents a potential for petroleum products by replacing firewood with petroleum products.
11.5 Sri Lanka
11.5.1 Refining capacity
The domestic oil & gas industry is small, with no hydrocarbon production, despite a refinery at
Sapugaskanda with a processing capacity of 50,000 BPD or 2 MMTPA. The Sri Lankan government
has been considering setting up another refinery, and looking at expressions of interest from various
countries. IOCL, which is present in Sri Lanka through its subsidiary Lanka IOC, has come forward to
set up the refinery in a joint venture with the Sri Lankan government. Considering Sri Lanka’s fuel
consumption targets for 2020 and 2030, IOCL may look at a capacity addition of 5-9 MMTPA.
Table 148: Petroleum product import requirement for Sri Lanka (MMTPA)
State 2014-15 2019-2020 2024-25 2029-30
Refining capacity 2 5 5 5
POL demand 4.5 6.5 7.5 8.5
Imports 2.5 1.5 2.5 3.5
Source: CRISIL Infrastructure Advisory Analysis
11.5.2 Crude oil
The country is dependent on petroleum imports for its domestic requirement, with crude oil
consumption of around 92,000 BPD. Over the last 15 years, demand for petroleum products has risen
at an annual average rate of about 5%. The current demand of 4.5 MMTPA is expected to reach 8
MMTPA by 2030.
Sri Lanka’s only refinery has a capacity of 2 MMTPA. The country’s fuel consumption is 4.5 MMTPA,
which necessitates 2.5 MMTPA of imports. Sri Lanka’s fuel needs are estimated to rise to 6.5 MMTPA
by 2020 and 8.5 MMTPA by 2030. Instead of importing fuel, the country plans to import crude oil and
process it.
The South Asian island-state, located off the southeastern coast of India in the Indian Ocean, will still
be dependent on imports of petroleum products for its domestic needs, despite the proposed
expansion in refinery capacity.
11.5.3 Natural gas
Cairn India Ltd made two gas discoveries at Dorado and Barracuda wells in 2011 as part of a four-well
drilling programme in Sri Lanka’s Mannar Basin. The first gas from Cairn is expected to be produced
by end-2017 or early 2018 in ideal conditions. The gas discovery in the Mannar Basin has encouraged
Sri Lanka to proceed with the second offshore licensing round in the Cauvery and Mannar basins.
Separately, the government is exploring the prospect of launching a third licensing round for offshore
blocks in Sri Lanka.
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