327 - 11th Botany Textbook Volume 1

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c. Coned. Rhizophore3. The haploid number of chromosomefor an Angiosperm is 14 , the numberof chromosome in its endospermwould bea. 7 b. 14 c. 42 d. 284. Endosperm in Gymnosperm isformeda. At the time of fertilizationb. Before fertilizationc. After fertilizationd. Along with the development ofembryo5. Differentiate halpontic and diplonticlife cycle.6. What is plectostele? give example.7. What do you infer from the termpycnoxylic?8. Mention two characters shared bygymnosperms and angiosperms.9. Do you think shape of chloroplastis unique for algae. Justify youranswer?10. Do you agree with the statement‘Bryophytes need water forfertilization’? Justify your answer.11. List the classes of algae.12. Mention the pigments and storagefood of Dinophyceae.13. What are cap cells?14. Name the flagellation found in thezoospore of Oedogonium15. What is Nucule?16. Differentiate nodal and internodalcells of Chara.17. What are elaters?18. What is protonema?19. Where do we find false indusium?20. Explain the internal structure ofCycas rachis.21. Differentiate long and dwarf shoot.96
ICT CornerDifferent forms of plantsIs all the plantsare same?Steps• Scan the QR code or go to google play store• Type online labs and install it.• Select biology and select Characteristics of plants• Click theory to know the basic about Characteristics of plants• Register yourself with mail-id and create password to access online lab simulationsActivity• Select video and record your observations of different forms of plant group.Step 2 Step 3URL:Step 1 Step 4https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=in.edu.olabs.olabs&hl=enAlternate web:http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phbio/active_art/plant_life_cycle/plantlifecycle.swf* Pictures are indicative only97
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GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADUBOTANYHIGHE
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CONTENTSBOTANYUNIT I: Diversity of
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TNAU B.Sc. Agriculture, B.Sc. Horti
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Research Institutions in various ar
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Chapter1Unit I: Diversity ofLiving
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(a)Nucleus(b)to change is called Ho
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1892 Dimitry Ivanowsky proved thatv
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1.2.6 BacteriophageViruses infectin
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are similar to viroids but they are
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Table 1.4: Systems of Classificatio
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Table 1.5: Comparison of Five Kingd
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CoccusDiplococcusStaphylococcusTetr
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MesosomesThese are localized infold
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What are Magnetosomes ?Intracellula
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with the help of pili. The pilus gr
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Table 1.7: Economic importance of B
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Table 1.10: Human diseases caused b
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• The reserve food material isCya
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logos - study). P.A. Micheli is con
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TrichogyneMicroconidia(f) Sporangia
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Zygomycetes• Most of the species
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fungi, stink horns, rusts and smuts
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like Amylase, Protease, Lactase etc
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and multinucleate structures which
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Figure 1.29: V.S. of Agaricus gillb
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evenly distributed in the thallus)
Page 53 and 54: 6. Differentiate Homoiomerous andHe
Page 55 and 56: Chapter2Plant KingdomLearning Objec
Page 57 and 58: 2.2 Life Cycle Patterns in PlantsAl
Page 59 and 60: FlagellaChloroplastOogoniumAntherid
Page 61 and 62: Autospores (spores which look simil
Page 63 and 64: r-phycocyanin are the photosyntheti
Page 65 and 66: ReproductionOedogonium reproduces b
Page 67 and 68: cells are elongated and possesses a
Page 69 and 70: • Sexual reproduction is Oogamous
Page 71 and 72: GametophyteThe plant body of Marcha
Page 73 and 74: The sporophyte is not free-living b
Page 75 and 76: 4. Development of Bulbils on the rh
Page 77 and 78: 2.5 PteridophytesSeedless Vascular
Page 79 and 80: Division-PTERIDOPHYTASub divisionPs
Page 81 and 82: but it is viewed to be associated w
Page 83 and 84: microsporangium and megaspores inme
Page 85 and 86: The epidermis is the outermost laye
Page 87 and 88: 1. Protostele:In protostele phloem
Page 89 and 90: a) Cycas b) Thuja c) Taxus d) Ginkg
Page 91 and 92: 2.6.4 CycasClass - CycadopsidaOrder
Page 93 and 94: of the rachis is the arrangement of
Page 95 and 96: consists of 3 layers, the outer and
Page 97 and 98: (ii) Dwarf shoot or branches of lim
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2.53b Pinus Pollen Grainc) A
Page 101 and 102: parts of the extinct plants are obt
Page 103: The sporangia with spores are found
Page 107 and 108: 3.1 HabitThe general form of a plan
Page 109 and 110: I. Characteristic features• Root
Page 111 and 112: 3.5.2 Modifications of rootI. Tap r
Page 113 and 114: 3. Sucking or Haustorial rootsThese
Page 115 and 116: 3.6.2 Types of StemMajority of angi
Page 117 and 118: CladodePhyllocladeSpineScaly leafRu
Page 119 and 120: 4. TuberThis is a succulent undergr
Page 121 and 122: 2. Palmately reticulate venation(mu
Page 123 and 124: AlternatePolyalthia4. Whorled (vert
Page 125 and 126: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)Figure 3.16: Typ
Page 127 and 128: 3. Plicate or plaited - when the le
Page 129 and 130: 6. Draw and label the parts of regi
Page 131 and 132: Chapter4Reproductive MorphologyLear
Page 133 and 134: 4.1.2 Based on branching pattern an
Page 135 and 136: f. Panicle: A branched raceme is ca
Page 137 and 138: Figure 4.6: (b) diagrammatic,(c) Mo
Page 139 and 140: 4.2 FlowerIn a plant, which part wo
Page 141 and 142: Figure 4.13: (a)ActinomorphicFigure
Page 143 and 144: Figure 4.17: (a)TrimerousFigure 4.1
Page 145 and 146: Figure 4.21: (d)CampanulateFigure 4
Page 147 and 148: 4.3.7 Aestivation: Arrangement of s
Page 149 and 150: c. Gynostegium:Connation product of
Page 151 and 152: 4.4.7 Anther dehiscing directionIt
Page 153 and 154: CorollaAnthophoreCalyxSaffron flowe
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4.6 Construction of floral diagrama
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Br : Bracteate.Ebr : EbracteateBrl
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Berry (Tomato)Drupe (Mango)Pepo (Cu
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is free from seed coat. Example: Cl
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FruitsSimpleAggregateMultipleEtaeri
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4.8 SeedDo all fruits contain seeds
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ICT CornerFloral diagram and floral
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laid strong foundation for the bino
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Another concept emphasises the prod
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erecto folius compositis. It means
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Regional FloraIt includes large geo
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Botanical garden contains special p
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International HerbariumS.No Herbari
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Taxonomists have assigned a methodo
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Seed plantsClass IDicotyledonaeClas
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Figure 5.8: Adolph Engler and Karl
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Monocots are classified into 11 ord
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1. Easily visible characters like s
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the form of a tree called phylogene
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based on shared apomorphic characte
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Flowers: Bracteate, bracteolate(Ses
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are dithecous, basifixed, introse a
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Economic ImportanceEconomicimportan
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5.13.2 Family: Apocynaceae (milk we
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FlowerLeafFruitCorollaSepalCalyxL.S
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Economic importance of the family A
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5.13.3 Family: Solanaceae (Potato F
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LeafStamenCorollaStamenCorollaCalyx
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Habit: A small annual herbRoot: Bra
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5.13.4 Family: Euphorbiaceae (Casto
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Botanical Description Of Ricinus co
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Economic importance of the family E
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HeliconiaceaeSystematic PositionAPG
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LeafSpatheFlowerFruitBranchedspadix
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Economic Importance of The Family M
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in species of Smilax it is reticula
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Economic importance of the family l
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State Flower of Tamil NaduGloriosa
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as karyotaxonomy. The application o
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Chapter6Unit III: Cell biology andB
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microscopic organisms therefore it
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Microscopic measurements:The micros
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Comparison of MicroscopesFeaturesSo
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These solutes may be homogeneous(so
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of nuclear material. The DNA is wit
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The first cell might have evolvedap
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In plant, cell wall shows three dis
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Figure 6.13: Transport of molecules
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The largest of the internal membran
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time faster than DNA in the nucleus
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Ribosome consists of RNA andprotein
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v. Tannins in Mimosa pudica.vi. Rap
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secondary constrictions are called
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chromosome forms the chromosomal ax
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c. Smears: Here the specimen is in
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organisms are classified into proka
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ICT CornerCell structureCell-The un
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7.1 History of a CellTable 7.1: His
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Figure 7.1: Cell cyclethe cell cycl
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Drawbacks of Amitosis• Causes une
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the key regulatory proteins at the
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organs. It results in the formation
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Figure 7.8: MeiosisTelophase IIFour
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Summary273
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ICT CornerCell divisionHow cells ar
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222222BiomoleculesOrganic compounds
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8.2 Primary and SecondaryMetabolite
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8.3.2 DisaccharidesDisaccharides ar
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8.3.8 ChitinChitin is a homo polysa
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linoleic acid) the hydrocarbon chai
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8.5 ProteinsProteins are the most d
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8.5.2 Structure of ProteinProtein i
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colour develops without heating (Fi
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8.6.3 Factors Affecting the Rate of
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allosteric inhibitors. Eg. The enzy
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LyaseLigaseEnzymesMode ofactionBrea
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A characteristic feature that diffe
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Blue bands - Twosugar-phosphatechai
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Evaluation1. The most basic amino a
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ReferencesUnit 1: Diversity of Livi
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GlossaryAcetyl CoAActive siteAkinet
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English - Tamil TerminologyAcropeta
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Competitive Examination QuestionsUn
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22. Which one of the following stat
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18. How many plants in the list giv
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BOTANICAL NAMES AND COMMON NAMESS.N
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64 Musa paradisiaca Banana வா
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327 - 11th Botany Textbook Volume 1

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