327 - 11th Botany Textbook Volume 1

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Unit 3: Cell Biology and Biomolecules1. Albert L. Lehninger, David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox. Principles of Biochemistry.CBS Publishers. Second Edition.2. Alison M. Smith, George Coupland, Liam, Dolan, Nicholas Harberd, JonathanJones, Cathie Martin, Robert Sablowski and Abigail Amey. 2010. Plant Biology.Garland Science. Taylor and Francis Group LLC.3. Clegg C. J. 2014. Biology. Hodder Education company, A Hachette UK Company. FirstEdition.4. Geoffrey M. Cooper and Robert E. Hausman. 2009. The Cell, Molecular Edition.Sinauer Associates Inc. Fifth Edition.5. James Watson, Tania A. Baker, Stephen P. Bell, Alexander Gann, Michael Levineand Richard Losick. 2017. Molecular Biology of the gene. Pearson India Services Pvt.Ltd. Seventh Edition.6. Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood and Chris Woolverton. 2011. Prescott’s Microbiology.McGraw Hill companies Inc. Eighth edition7. Linda E. Graham, James M. Graham and Lee W. Wilcox. 2006. Plant Biology. PearsonEducation Inc. Second edition.8. Michael J. Pelczer, Chan E. C and Noel R. Kreg. 2016. Microbiology. McGraw HillEducation Pvt. Ltd. Fifth Edition.9. Suzanne Bell and Keith Morris. 2010. An Introduction to microscopy. CRC Press Taylorand Francis group.10. Taylor D. J., Green N. P. O and Stout G. W. Biological Science. Cambridege UniversityPress. Third Edition.11. Thomas D. Pollard and William C. Earnshaw. 2008. Cell Biology. Saunders Elseviers.Second Edition.306
GlossaryAcetyl CoAActive siteAkinetesAleuroneAnamorphAnisogamyApogamyAposporyBalaustoBasal bodyBiosphereBufferCarcinogenChemotaxonomyCladesCladisticsCodonCoenocytic conditionDaltonEndospermEndosporeEusporangiateFossilGametophyteGenomeGermSmall, water-soluble metabolite comprising an acetyl grouplinked to coenzyme A (CoA).Region of an enzyme molecule where the substrate bindsand undergoes a catalyzed reaction.Thick walled, dormant, non motile asexual spores.Outer layer of the endospermAsexual or imperfect state of fungiFusion of morphologically and physiologically dissimilargametesFormation of sporophyte from the gametophytic tissuewithout the fusion of gametes.Development of the gametophyte from the sporophytewithout the formation of sporesFleshy in dehiscent fruitStructure at the base of cilia and flagella from whichmicrotubules forming the axoneme radiateThe region of earth on which life existA solution of the acid and base form of a compound thatundergoes little change in pH when small quantities ofstrong acid or base are added.Any chemical or physical agent that can cause cancer whencells or organism s are exposed to it.Classification based on the biochemical constituents ofplantsGroup of species comprising common ancestor and itsdescendantsMethodology used to classify organisms into monophyleticgroupSequence of three nucleotides in DNA or mRNA that specifiesa particular amino acid during protein synthesis; also calledtripletAseptate, multinucleate conditionUnit of molecular mass approximately equal to the mass of ahydrogen atom (1.66 × 10−24 g)Nutritive tissue for the embryoThick walled, resting sporesSporangium formed from a group of initialsThe remains or impression of plant or animal of the pastgeological ageThe haploid plant bodyComplete set of genes in an organismProtein rich embryo307
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GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADUBOTANYHIGHE
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CONTENTSBOTANYUNIT I: Diversity of
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TNAU B.Sc. Agriculture, B.Sc. Horti
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Research Institutions in various ar
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Chapter1Unit I: Diversity ofLiving
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(a)Nucleus(b)to change is called Ho
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1892 Dimitry Ivanowsky proved thatv
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1.2.6 BacteriophageViruses infectin
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are similar to viroids but they are
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Table 1.4: Systems of Classificatio
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Table 1.5: Comparison of Five Kingd
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CoccusDiplococcusStaphylococcusTetr
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MesosomesThese are localized infold
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What are Magnetosomes ?Intracellula
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with the help of pili. The pilus gr
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Table 1.7: Economic importance of B
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Table 1.10: Human diseases caused b
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• The reserve food material isCya
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logos - study). P.A. Micheli is con
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TrichogyneMicroconidia(f) Sporangia
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Zygomycetes• Most of the species
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fungi, stink horns, rusts and smuts
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like Amylase, Protease, Lactase etc
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and multinucleate structures which
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Figure 1.29: V.S. of Agaricus gillb
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evenly distributed in the thallus)
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6. Differentiate Homoiomerous andHe
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Chapter2Plant KingdomLearning Objec
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2.2 Life Cycle Patterns in PlantsAl
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FlagellaChloroplastOogoniumAntherid
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Autospores (spores which look simil
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r-phycocyanin are the photosyntheti
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ReproductionOedogonium reproduces b
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cells are elongated and possesses a
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• Sexual reproduction is Oogamous
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GametophyteThe plant body of Marcha
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The sporophyte is not free-living b
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4. Development of Bulbils on the rh
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2.5 PteridophytesSeedless Vascular
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Division-PTERIDOPHYTASub divisionPs
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but it is viewed to be associated w
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microsporangium and megaspores inme
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The epidermis is the outermost laye
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1. Protostele:In protostele phloem
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a) Cycas b) Thuja c) Taxus d) Ginkg
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2.6.4 CycasClass - CycadopsidaOrder
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of the rachis is the arrangement of
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consists of 3 layers, the outer and
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(ii) Dwarf shoot or branches of lim
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Figure 2.53b Pinus Pollen Grainc) A
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parts of the extinct plants are obt
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The sporangia with spores are found
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ICT CornerDifferent forms of plants
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3.1 HabitThe general form of a plan
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I. Characteristic features• Root
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3.5.2 Modifications of rootI. Tap r
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3. Sucking or Haustorial rootsThese
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3.6.2 Types of StemMajority of angi
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CladodePhyllocladeSpineScaly leafRu
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4. TuberThis is a succulent undergr
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2. Palmately reticulate venation(mu
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AlternatePolyalthia4. Whorled (vert
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)Figure 3.16: Typ
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3. Plicate or plaited - when the le
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6. Draw and label the parts of regi
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Chapter4Reproductive MorphologyLear
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4.1.2 Based on branching pattern an
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f. Panicle: A branched raceme is ca
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Figure 4.6: (b) diagrammatic,(c) Mo
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4.2 FlowerIn a plant, which part wo
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Figure 4.13: (a)ActinomorphicFigure
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Figure 4.17: (a)TrimerousFigure 4.1
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Figure 4.21: (d)CampanulateFigure 4
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4.3.7 Aestivation: Arrangement of s
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c. Gynostegium:Connation product of
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4.4.7 Anther dehiscing directionIt
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CorollaAnthophoreCalyxSaffron flowe
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4.6 Construction of floral diagrama
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Br : Bracteate.Ebr : EbracteateBrl
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Berry (Tomato)Drupe (Mango)Pepo (Cu
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is free from seed coat. Example: Cl
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FruitsSimpleAggregateMultipleEtaeri
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4.8 SeedDo all fruits contain seeds
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ICT CornerFloral diagram and floral
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laid strong foundation for the bino
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Another concept emphasises the prod
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erecto folius compositis. It means
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Regional FloraIt includes large geo
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Botanical garden contains special p
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International HerbariumS.No Herbari
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Taxonomists have assigned a methodo
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Seed plantsClass IDicotyledonaeClas
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Figure 5.8: Adolph Engler and Karl
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Monocots are classified into 11 ord
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1. Easily visible characters like s
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the form of a tree called phylogene
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based on shared apomorphic characte
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Flowers: Bracteate, bracteolate(Ses
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are dithecous, basifixed, introse a
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Economic ImportanceEconomicimportan
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5.13.2 Family: Apocynaceae (milk we
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FlowerLeafFruitCorollaSepalCalyxL.S
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Economic importance of the family A
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5.13.3 Family: Solanaceae (Potato F
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LeafStamenCorollaStamenCorollaCalyx
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Habit: A small annual herbRoot: Bra
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5.13.4 Family: Euphorbiaceae (Casto
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Botanical Description Of Ricinus co
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Economic importance of the family E
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HeliconiaceaeSystematic PositionAPG
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LeafSpatheFlowerFruitBranchedspadix
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Economic Importance of The Family M
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in species of Smilax it is reticula
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Economic importance of the family l
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State Flower of Tamil NaduGloriosa
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as karyotaxonomy. The application o
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Chapter6Unit III: Cell biology andB
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microscopic organisms therefore it
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Microscopic measurements:The micros
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Comparison of MicroscopesFeaturesSo
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These solutes may be homogeneous(so
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of nuclear material. The DNA is wit
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The first cell might have evolvedap
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In plant, cell wall shows three dis
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Figure 6.13: Transport of molecules
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The largest of the internal membran
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time faster than DNA in the nucleus
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Ribosome consists of RNA andprotein
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v. Tannins in Mimosa pudica.vi. Rap
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secondary constrictions are called
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chromosome forms the chromosomal ax
Page 263 and 264: c. Smears: Here the specimen is in
Page 265 and 266: organisms are classified into proka
Page 267 and 268: ICT CornerCell structureCell-The un
Page 269 and 270: 7.1 History of a CellTable 7.1: His
Page 271 and 272: Figure 7.1: Cell cyclethe cell cycl
Page 273 and 274: Drawbacks of Amitosis• Causes une
Page 275 and 276: the key regulatory proteins at the
Page 277 and 278: organs. It results in the formation
Page 279 and 280: Figure 7.8: MeiosisTelophase IIFour
Page 281 and 282: Summary273
Page 283 and 284: ICT CornerCell divisionHow cells ar
Page 285 and 286: 222222BiomoleculesOrganic compounds
Page 287 and 288: 8.2 Primary and SecondaryMetabolite
Page 289 and 290: 8.3.2 DisaccharidesDisaccharides ar
Page 291 and 292: 8.3.8 ChitinChitin is a homo polysa
Page 293 and 294: linoleic acid) the hydrocarbon chai
Page 295 and 296: 8.5 ProteinsProteins are the most d
Page 297 and 298: 8.5.2 Structure of ProteinProtein i
Page 299 and 300: colour develops without heating (Fi
Page 301 and 302: 8.6.3 Factors Affecting the Rate of
Page 303 and 304: allosteric inhibitors. Eg. The enzy
Page 305 and 306: LyaseLigaseEnzymesMode ofactionBrea
Page 307 and 308: A characteristic feature that diffe
Page 309 and 310: Blue bands - Twosugar-phosphatechai
Page 311 and 312: Evaluation1. The most basic amino a
Page 313: ReferencesUnit 1: Diversity of Livi
Page 317 and 318: English - Tamil TerminologyAcropeta
Page 319 and 320: Competitive Examination QuestionsUn
Page 321 and 322: 22. Which one of the following stat
Page 323 and 324: 18. How many plants in the list giv
Page 325 and 326: BOTANICAL NAMES AND COMMON NAMESS.N
Page 327 and 328: 64 Musa paradisiaca Banana வா
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327 - 11th Botany Textbook Volume 1

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