327 - 11th Botany Textbook Volume 1

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EconomicimportanceDye yieldingplantsKamela dye,Blue dyePurple dyeRed dyeJatropha gossypifoliaBinomial Useful part UsesCroton tiglium (நேரேொளம்)Ricinus communisMallotus philippenensisJatropha curcasChrozophora tinctoriaPhyllanthus reticulatusTimber plant Aporosa dioica,Bischofia javanica,(வரொமவிருடசம்)Drypetes roxburghii (வீரைமரம்)OrnamentalplantAcalypha ciliata,A. hispida,Codiaeum varigatumCroton tigliumEuphorbia antiquorum,E.pulcherrima, E.splendens.E. tirucalliJatropha gossypifoliaLeaves androotsSeedSeed oilFruitsBarkBarkRootsTimberPlantsUsed in the treatment ofleprosy and snakebite.PurgativePurgativeUsed for dyeing wool andsilk.Used for dyeing clothesand fishing nets.Used in textile IndustryUsed for tanning anddyeing fishing lines andnetsUsed for packing cases,tea boxes, veneers,plywood, match industryand several other similarpurpose.Grown as ornamentalplants.5.13.5 Family Musaceae – Banana FamilyDiagnostic Features• Perennial giant herbs with pseudostemsformed by leaf sheaths.• Leaves are large with thick midrib,parallel venation.• Flowers are zygomorphic, unisexual,inflorescence spadix covered by spathe.• Corolla 2 lipped.• Ovary tricarpellary, inferior.• Fruit elongated berry.• Septal nectaries are present.210
HeliconiaceaeSystematic PositionAPG ClassificationBentham and HookerClassificationKingdom Plantae Kingdom PlantaeClade Angiosperms Class: MonocotyledonaeClade Monocots Subclass ZingiberidaeClade Commelinids Series EpigynaeOrder Zingiberales Order ZingiberalesFamily Musaceae Family MusaceaeMusa velutinaZingiberaceaeMarantaceaeCannaceaeCostaceaeLowiaceaeStrelitziaceaeMusaceaeNote: Earlier Musaceae was a large family with 6 genera viz. Musa, Ensete, Ravenala,Strelitzia, Orchidantha and Heliconia. In APG only Musa and Ensete are retained whileRavenala, Strelitzia, Orchidantha and Heleconia are separated.General CharactersRhizogram of the ZingiberalesDistributionMusaceae includes only 2 genera (Musaand Ensete) and 81 species. The membersof this family are mainly wet tropicallowlands from West Africa to Pacific(southern Japan to Queensland). (Musais the most common plant of the familyfound in India)211Habit: Large perennial herbsperennating by means of rhizome ( Musaparadisiaca), raraly trees as in Ravenalamadagascariensis.Root: Fibrous adventitious rootsystem.Stem: In Musa the real stem isfound underground called rhizomatous(dichotomously branching in atleast
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GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADUBOTANYHIGHE
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CONTENTSBOTANYUNIT I: Diversity of
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TNAU B.Sc. Agriculture, B.Sc. Horti
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Research Institutions in various ar
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Chapter1Unit I: Diversity ofLiving
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(a)Nucleus(b)to change is called Ho
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1892 Dimitry Ivanowsky proved thatv
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1.2.6 BacteriophageViruses infectin
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are similar to viroids but they are
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Table 1.4: Systems of Classificatio
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Table 1.5: Comparison of Five Kingd
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CoccusDiplococcusStaphylococcusTetr
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MesosomesThese are localized infold
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What are Magnetosomes ?Intracellula
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with the help of pili. The pilus gr
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Table 1.7: Economic importance of B
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Table 1.10: Human diseases caused b
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• The reserve food material isCya
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logos - study). P.A. Micheli is con
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TrichogyneMicroconidia(f) Sporangia
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Zygomycetes• Most of the species
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fungi, stink horns, rusts and smuts
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like Amylase, Protease, Lactase etc
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and multinucleate structures which
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Figure 1.29: V.S. of Agaricus gillb
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evenly distributed in the thallus)
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6. Differentiate Homoiomerous andHe
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Chapter2Plant KingdomLearning Objec
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2.2 Life Cycle Patterns in PlantsAl
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FlagellaChloroplastOogoniumAntherid
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Autospores (spores which look simil
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r-phycocyanin are the photosyntheti
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ReproductionOedogonium reproduces b
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cells are elongated and possesses a
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• Sexual reproduction is Oogamous
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GametophyteThe plant body of Marcha
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The sporophyte is not free-living b
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4. Development of Bulbils on the rh
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2.5 PteridophytesSeedless Vascular
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Division-PTERIDOPHYTASub divisionPs
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but it is viewed to be associated w
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microsporangium and megaspores inme
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The epidermis is the outermost laye
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1. Protostele:In protostele phloem
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a) Cycas b) Thuja c) Taxus d) Ginkg
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2.6.4 CycasClass - CycadopsidaOrder
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of the rachis is the arrangement of
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consists of 3 layers, the outer and
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(ii) Dwarf shoot or branches of lim
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Figure 2.53b Pinus Pollen Grainc) A
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parts of the extinct plants are obt
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The sporangia with spores are found
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ICT CornerDifferent forms of plants
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3.1 HabitThe general form of a plan
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I. Characteristic features• Root
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3.5.2 Modifications of rootI. Tap r
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3. Sucking or Haustorial rootsThese
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3.6.2 Types of StemMajority of angi
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CladodePhyllocladeSpineScaly leafRu
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4. TuberThis is a succulent undergr
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2. Palmately reticulate venation(mu
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AlternatePolyalthia4. Whorled (vert
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)Figure 3.16: Typ
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3. Plicate or plaited - when the le
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6. Draw and label the parts of regi
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Chapter4Reproductive MorphologyLear
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4.1.2 Based on branching pattern an
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f. Panicle: A branched raceme is ca
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Figure 4.6: (b) diagrammatic,(c) Mo
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4.2 FlowerIn a plant, which part wo
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Figure 4.13: (a)ActinomorphicFigure
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Figure 4.17: (a)TrimerousFigure 4.1
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Figure 4.21: (d)CampanulateFigure 4
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4.3.7 Aestivation: Arrangement of s
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c. Gynostegium:Connation product of
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4.4.7 Anther dehiscing directionIt
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CorollaAnthophoreCalyxSaffron flowe
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4.6 Construction of floral diagrama
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Br : Bracteate.Ebr : EbracteateBrl
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Berry (Tomato)Drupe (Mango)Pepo (Cu
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is free from seed coat. Example: Cl
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FruitsSimpleAggregateMultipleEtaeri
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4.8 SeedDo all fruits contain seeds
Page 167 and 168: ICT CornerFloral diagram and floral
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Page 175 and 176: Regional FloraIt includes large geo
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Page 179 and 180: International HerbariumS.No Herbari
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Page 183 and 184: Seed plantsClass IDicotyledonaeClas
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Page 189 and 190: 1. Easily visible characters like s
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Page 195 and 196: Flowers: Bracteate, bracteolate(Ses
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Page 199 and 200: Economic ImportanceEconomicimportan
Page 201 and 202: 5.13.2 Family: Apocynaceae (milk we
Page 203 and 204: FlowerLeafFruitCorollaSepalCalyxL.S
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Page 207 and 208: 5.13.3 Family: Solanaceae (Potato F
Page 209 and 210: LeafStamenCorollaStamenCorollaCalyx
Page 211 and 212: Habit: A small annual herbRoot: Bra
Page 213 and 214: 5.13.4 Family: Euphorbiaceae (Casto
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Page 221 and 222: LeafSpatheFlowerFruitBranchedspadix
Page 223 and 224: Economic Importance of The Family M
Page 225 and 226: in species of Smilax it is reticula
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Page 229 and 230: State Flower of Tamil NaduGloriosa
Page 231 and 232: as karyotaxonomy. The application o
Page 233 and 234: Chapter6Unit III: Cell biology andB
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Page 237 and 238: Microscopic measurements:The micros
Page 239 and 240: Comparison of MicroscopesFeaturesSo
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Page 243 and 244: of nuclear material. The DNA is wit
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Page 247 and 248: In plant, cell wall shows three dis
Page 249 and 250: Figure 6.13: Transport of molecules
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Page 257 and 258: v. Tannins in Mimosa pudica.vi. Rap
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Page 267 and 268: ICT CornerCell structureCell-The un
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7.1 History of a CellTable 7.1: His
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Figure 7.1: Cell cyclethe cell cycl
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Drawbacks of Amitosis• Causes une
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the key regulatory proteins at the
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organs. It results in the formation
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Figure 7.8: MeiosisTelophase IIFour
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Summary273
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ICT CornerCell divisionHow cells ar
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222222BiomoleculesOrganic compounds
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8.2 Primary and SecondaryMetabolite
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8.3.2 DisaccharidesDisaccharides ar
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8.3.8 ChitinChitin is a homo polysa
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linoleic acid) the hydrocarbon chai
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8.5 ProteinsProteins are the most d
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8.5.2 Structure of ProteinProtein i
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colour develops without heating (Fi
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8.6.3 Factors Affecting the Rate of
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allosteric inhibitors. Eg. The enzy
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LyaseLigaseEnzymesMode ofactionBrea
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A characteristic feature that diffe
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Blue bands - Twosugar-phosphatechai
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Evaluation1. The most basic amino a
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ReferencesUnit 1: Diversity of Livi
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GlossaryAcetyl CoAActive siteAkinet
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English - Tamil TerminologyAcropeta
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Competitive Examination QuestionsUn
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22. Which one of the following stat
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18. How many plants in the list giv
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BOTANICAL NAMES AND COMMON NAMESS.N
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64 Musa paradisiaca Banana வா
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327 - 11th Botany Textbook Volume 1

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