327 - 11th Botany Textbook Volume 1

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Learning Objectives:Learning objectives are brief statements that describe whatstudents will be expected to learn by the end of school year,course, unit, lesson or class period.Chapter OutlineIllustrate the complete overview of chapterAmazing facts, Rhetorical questions to lead studentsto biological inquiryList of Botanical termsTamil terminology for Botanical terms given for easyunderstandingActivityDirections are provided to students to conduct activitiesin order to explore, enrich the concept.HOW TO USETHE BOOKInfographicsEvaluationVisual representation of the lesson to enrich learning .Assess students to pause, think and check their understandingTo motivate the students to further explore the contentdigitally and take them in to virtual worldICTTo enhance digital Science skills among studentsConcept MapConceptual diagram that depicts relationships betweenconcepts to enable students to learn the content schematicallyCareer cornerList of professions related to the subjectReferencesList of related books for further details of the topicWeb linksList of digital resourcesGlossaryExplanation of scientific termsCompetitiveExam questionsModel questions to face various competitive examsIV
TNAU B.Sc. Agriculture, B.Sc. Horticulture B.Sc. Forestry, B.Sc Sericulture B.Tech Biotechnology B.Tech Agricultural Engineering B.Tech Horticulture B.Tech Food process Engineering B.Tech Energy and Environmental Engineering B.Tech Bioinformatics B.Sc Agribusiness Management B.Tech Agricultural IT M. Tech. Environmental Engineering M. Sc in Agriculture M. Sc in Agricultural Extension M. Sc in Agronomy M. Sc in Soil Science M. Sc in Agricultural Biotechnology M. Sc in Agricultural Marketing M. Sc in Agricultural Microbiology M. Tech in Agricultural Engineering M. E in Agricultural Engineering Master of Agriculture in Entomology Master of Agriculture in Horticulture Master of Agriculture in Animal Sciences Master of Agriculture in Entomology Master of Agriculture in Plant Pathology Master of Agriculture in AgriculturalEconomics and Rural Sociology Master In Agriculture AndRural DevelopmentScope of BotanyHigher Studies and Career OpportunitiesTNMGRMUAIIMSMEDICAL Indian Medicine and MBBS M.D/M.S/M.D.S M.Ch. (5 year course) B.D.S M.D.SHomoeopathy Courses B.A.M.S. - Ayurvedic Medicine B.H.M.S. - Homoeopathic Medicine B.N.Y.S. - Naturopathy and Yogic B.S.M.S. - Siddha Medicine B.U.M.S. - Unani MedicineUndergraduate Courses (UG) MBBS B.Sc Nursing (post Certificate) B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing Paramedical Courses (PM) B.Sc. (Hons.) Opthalmic Techniques B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical TechnologyAllied Health SciencesB.Sc.(N)- Bachelor of Science in NursingB.P.T.- Bachelor of PhysiotherapyM.P.T. - Master of PhysiotherapyB.O.T. - Bachelor of Occupational TherapyM.O.T. - Master of Occupational TherapyB.Sc. - Accident & Emergency Care TechnologyB.Sc. - Audiology & speech Language PathologyB.Sc. - Cardiac TechnologyB.Sc. - Cardio Pulmonary Perfusion Care TechnologyB.Sc. - Critical Care TechnologyB.Sc. - Dialysis TechnologyB.Sc. - Neuro ElectrophysiologyB.Sc. - Medical SociologyB.Sc. - Nuclear Medicine TechnologyB.Sc. - Operation Theatre & Anaesthesia TechnologyB.Sc. - Physician AssistantB.Sc. - Radiology Imaging TechnologyB.Sc. - Radiotherapy TechnologyB.Sc. - Fitness and Lifestyle ModificationsB.Sc. - Clinical NutritionDiploma CourseAccident & Emergency Care TechnologyCritical Care TechnologyHealth Care Aide (as per 245th GC)Operation Theatre & Anaesthesia TechnologyOphthalmic Nursing AssistantScope Support TechnologyMedical Record ScienceOptometry TechnologyRadiology & Imaging TechnologyMedical Lab TechnologyCardiac Non Invasive TechnologyDialysis TechnologyPostgraduate Courses (PG) M.D/M.S/M.D.S M.Ch. (5 year course) M.Sc. / M. BiotechnologyIntegrated ed coursesMode of selection: Entrance conducted byconcern institution or NEETM.Sc in Life sciences- 5 year Integratedcourse Indian institute of Science, BengaluruWebsite: http://www.iisc.ac.in/ National Institute of ScienceEducation and Research (NISER) ,Bhubaneswar, Kolkata , Pune ,Mohali, Bhopal ,Thiruvananthapuram ,Tirupati and BerhampurWebsite: http://www.niser.ac.inB.Sc.,B.Ed -5 year Integrated course Regional Institute of EducationAjmer, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Mysuruand ShilillongWebsite: www.riemysore.ac.inSCIENCECourses in Arts & Science Colegesand UniversitiesB.Sc. BotanyB.Sc. Plant Biology & Plant BiotechnologyB.Sc BiochemistyB.Sc Bio-computingB.Sc. Plant PathologyM.Sc. BotanyM.Sc BiotechnologyM.Sc. Bio-chemistryM.Sc. BioinformaticsM.Sc Immunology and MicrobiologyM.Sc. Applied Medical Biotechnology & clinicalResearchM.Sc. Genetic Engineering & Plant BreedingM.Sc. Applied Plant ScienceM.Sc. Plant Biology & Plant BiotechnologyM.Sc. Plant molecular BiologyM.Sc. Mycology & Plant pathologyM.Sc. Plant scienceANNA UNIVERSITYB.E. Bio Medical EngineeringB.Tech. Industrial Bio technologyB.Tech. Food technologyB.Tech. Bio technologyV
Page 1 and 2: GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADUBOTANYHIGHE
Page 3: CONTENTSBOTANYUNIT I: Diversity of
Page 7 and 8: Research Institutions in various ar
Page 9 and 10: Chapter1Unit I: Diversity ofLiving
Page 11 and 12: (a)Nucleus(b)to change is called Ho
Page 13 and 14: 1892 Dimitry Ivanowsky proved thatv
Page 15 and 16: 1.2.6 BacteriophageViruses infectin
Page 17 and 18: are similar to viroids but they are
Page 19 and 20: Table 1.4: Systems of Classificatio
Page 21 and 22: Table 1.5: Comparison of Five Kingd
Page 23 and 24: CoccusDiplococcusStaphylococcusTetr
Page 25 and 26: MesosomesThese are localized infold
Page 27 and 28: What are Magnetosomes ?Intracellula
Page 29 and 30: with the help of pili. The pilus gr
Page 31 and 32: Table 1.7: Economic importance of B
Page 33 and 34: Table 1.10: Human diseases caused b
Page 35 and 36: • The reserve food material isCya
Page 37 and 38: logos - study). P.A. Micheli is con
Page 39 and 40: TrichogyneMicroconidia(f) Sporangia
Page 41 and 42: Zygomycetes• Most of the species
Page 43 and 44: fungi, stink horns, rusts and smuts
Page 45 and 46: like Amylase, Protease, Lactase etc
Page 47 and 48: and multinucleate structures which
Page 49 and 50: Figure 1.29: V.S. of Agaricus gillb
Page 51 and 52: evenly distributed in the thallus)
Page 53 and 54: 6. Differentiate Homoiomerous andHe
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Chapter2Plant KingdomLearning Objec
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2.2 Life Cycle Patterns in PlantsAl
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FlagellaChloroplastOogoniumAntherid
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Autospores (spores which look simil
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r-phycocyanin are the photosyntheti
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ReproductionOedogonium reproduces b
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cells are elongated and possesses a
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• Sexual reproduction is Oogamous
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GametophyteThe plant body of Marcha
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The sporophyte is not free-living b
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4. Development of Bulbils on the rh
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2.5 PteridophytesSeedless Vascular
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Division-PTERIDOPHYTASub divisionPs
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but it is viewed to be associated w
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microsporangium and megaspores inme
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The epidermis is the outermost laye
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1. Protostele:In protostele phloem
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a) Cycas b) Thuja c) Taxus d) Ginkg
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2.6.4 CycasClass - CycadopsidaOrder
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of the rachis is the arrangement of
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consists of 3 layers, the outer and
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(ii) Dwarf shoot or branches of lim
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Figure 2.53b Pinus Pollen Grainc) A
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parts of the extinct plants are obt
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The sporangia with spores are found
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ICT CornerDifferent forms of plants
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3.1 HabitThe general form of a plan
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I. Characteristic features• Root
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3.5.2 Modifications of rootI. Tap r
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3. Sucking or Haustorial rootsThese
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3.6.2 Types of StemMajority of angi
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CladodePhyllocladeSpineScaly leafRu
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4. TuberThis is a succulent undergr
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2. Palmately reticulate venation(mu
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AlternatePolyalthia4. Whorled (vert
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)Figure 3.16: Typ
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3. Plicate or plaited - when the le
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6. Draw and label the parts of regi
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Chapter4Reproductive MorphologyLear
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4.1.2 Based on branching pattern an
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f. Panicle: A branched raceme is ca
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Figure 4.6: (b) diagrammatic,(c) Mo
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4.2 FlowerIn a plant, which part wo
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Figure 4.13: (a)ActinomorphicFigure
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Figure 4.17: (a)TrimerousFigure 4.1
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Figure 4.21: (d)CampanulateFigure 4
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4.3.7 Aestivation: Arrangement of s
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c. Gynostegium:Connation product of
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4.4.7 Anther dehiscing directionIt
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CorollaAnthophoreCalyxSaffron flowe
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4.6 Construction of floral diagrama
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Br : Bracteate.Ebr : EbracteateBrl
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Berry (Tomato)Drupe (Mango)Pepo (Cu
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is free from seed coat. Example: Cl
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FruitsSimpleAggregateMultipleEtaeri
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4.8 SeedDo all fruits contain seeds
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ICT CornerFloral diagram and floral
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laid strong foundation for the bino
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Another concept emphasises the prod
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erecto folius compositis. It means
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Regional FloraIt includes large geo
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Botanical garden contains special p
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International HerbariumS.No Herbari
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Taxonomists have assigned a methodo
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Seed plantsClass IDicotyledonaeClas
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Figure 5.8: Adolph Engler and Karl
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Monocots are classified into 11 ord
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1. Easily visible characters like s
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the form of a tree called phylogene
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based on shared apomorphic characte
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Flowers: Bracteate, bracteolate(Ses
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are dithecous, basifixed, introse a
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Economic ImportanceEconomicimportan
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5.13.2 Family: Apocynaceae (milk we
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FlowerLeafFruitCorollaSepalCalyxL.S
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Economic importance of the family A
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5.13.3 Family: Solanaceae (Potato F
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LeafStamenCorollaStamenCorollaCalyx
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Habit: A small annual herbRoot: Bra
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5.13.4 Family: Euphorbiaceae (Casto
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Botanical Description Of Ricinus co
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Economic importance of the family E
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HeliconiaceaeSystematic PositionAPG
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LeafSpatheFlowerFruitBranchedspadix
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Economic Importance of The Family M
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in species of Smilax it is reticula
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Economic importance of the family l
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State Flower of Tamil NaduGloriosa
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as karyotaxonomy. The application o
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Chapter6Unit III: Cell biology andB
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microscopic organisms therefore it
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Microscopic measurements:The micros
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Comparison of MicroscopesFeaturesSo
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These solutes may be homogeneous(so
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of nuclear material. The DNA is wit
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The first cell might have evolvedap
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In plant, cell wall shows three dis
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Figure 6.13: Transport of molecules
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The largest of the internal membran
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time faster than DNA in the nucleus
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Ribosome consists of RNA andprotein
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v. Tannins in Mimosa pudica.vi. Rap
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secondary constrictions are called
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chromosome forms the chromosomal ax
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c. Smears: Here the specimen is in
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organisms are classified into proka
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ICT CornerCell structureCell-The un
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7.1 History of a CellTable 7.1: His
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Figure 7.1: Cell cyclethe cell cycl
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Drawbacks of Amitosis• Causes une
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the key regulatory proteins at the
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organs. It results in the formation
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Figure 7.8: MeiosisTelophase IIFour
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Summary273
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ICT CornerCell divisionHow cells ar
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222222BiomoleculesOrganic compounds
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8.2 Primary and SecondaryMetabolite
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8.3.2 DisaccharidesDisaccharides ar
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8.3.8 ChitinChitin is a homo polysa
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linoleic acid) the hydrocarbon chai
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8.5 ProteinsProteins are the most d
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8.5.2 Structure of ProteinProtein i
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colour develops without heating (Fi
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8.6.3 Factors Affecting the Rate of
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allosteric inhibitors. Eg. The enzy
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LyaseLigaseEnzymesMode ofactionBrea
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A characteristic feature that diffe
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Blue bands - Twosugar-phosphatechai
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Evaluation1. The most basic amino a
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ReferencesUnit 1: Diversity of Livi
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GlossaryAcetyl CoAActive siteAkinet
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English - Tamil TerminologyAcropeta
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Competitive Examination QuestionsUn
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22. Which one of the following stat
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18. How many plants in the list giv
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BOTANICAL NAMES AND COMMON NAMESS.N
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64 Musa paradisiaca Banana வா
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327 - 11th Botany Textbook Volume 1

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