327 - 11th Botany Textbook Volume 1

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Hypogynous:The term is used for sepals,petals and stamens attachedat the base of a superiorovary. Example: MalvaceaeEpihypogynous:The term is used for sepals,petals and stamens attachedat the middle of the ovary(half-inferior). Example:Fabaceae, Rosaceae.Perigynous:The term is used for ahypanthium attached at thebase of a superior ovary.Epigynous:The term is used for sepals,petals and stamens attachedat the tip of an inferiorovary. Example: cucumber,apple, Asteraceae.Epiperigynous:The term is used forhypanthium attached at theapex of an inferior ovary.4.5.7 Perianth / androecial position on thalamus:It describes placement of the perianth and androecium relative to the ovary and to ahypanthium, if present.HypanthiumabsentHypanthiumpresentHypanthiumabsentHypanthiumOvarysuperiorOvaryinferiorFigure 4.37: Perianth / androecial position on thalamusOvaryhalf-inferiorHkiwtg"6062"Rgtkcpvj1cpftqgekcn"rqukvkqp"qp"vjcncowuParietal axile:It is with the placentae at the junction ofthe septum and ovary wall of a two or morelocular ovary. Example: Brassicaceae.Parietal septate:It is with placentae on the inner ovary wallsbut within septate locules as in Aizoaceae.Apical pendulousIt is with placenta at the top of ovary. Ovuleshanging down.Apical axileIt is with two or more placentae at the top ofa septate ovary. Example: Apiaceae.146
4.6 Construction of floral diagramand floral formulaA floral formula is a simple way to explainthe salient features of a flower. The floraldiagram is a representation of the crosssection of the flower. It represents floralwhorls arranged as viewed from above.Floral diagram shows the number andarrangement of bract, bracteoles and floralparts, fusion, overlapping and placentation.The branch that bears the flower iscalled mother axis.147
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GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADUBOTANYHIGHE
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CONTENTSBOTANYUNIT I: Diversity of
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TNAU B.Sc. Agriculture, B.Sc. Horti
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Research Institutions in various ar
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Chapter1Unit I: Diversity ofLiving
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(a)Nucleus(b)to change is called Ho
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1892 Dimitry Ivanowsky proved thatv
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1.2.6 BacteriophageViruses infectin
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are similar to viroids but they are
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Table 1.4: Systems of Classificatio
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Table 1.5: Comparison of Five Kingd
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CoccusDiplococcusStaphylococcusTetr
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MesosomesThese are localized infold
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What are Magnetosomes ?Intracellula
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with the help of pili. The pilus gr
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Table 1.7: Economic importance of B
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Table 1.10: Human diseases caused b
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• The reserve food material isCya
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logos - study). P.A. Micheli is con
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TrichogyneMicroconidia(f) Sporangia
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Zygomycetes• Most of the species
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fungi, stink horns, rusts and smuts
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like Amylase, Protease, Lactase etc
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and multinucleate structures which
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Figure 1.29: V.S. of Agaricus gillb
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evenly distributed in the thallus)
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6. Differentiate Homoiomerous andHe
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Chapter2Plant KingdomLearning Objec
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2.2 Life Cycle Patterns in PlantsAl
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FlagellaChloroplastOogoniumAntherid
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Autospores (spores which look simil
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r-phycocyanin are the photosyntheti
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ReproductionOedogonium reproduces b
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cells are elongated and possesses a
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• Sexual reproduction is Oogamous
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GametophyteThe plant body of Marcha
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The sporophyte is not free-living b
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4. Development of Bulbils on the rh
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2.5 PteridophytesSeedless Vascular
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Division-PTERIDOPHYTASub divisionPs
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but it is viewed to be associated w
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microsporangium and megaspores inme
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The epidermis is the outermost laye
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1. Protostele:In protostele phloem
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a) Cycas b) Thuja c) Taxus d) Ginkg
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2.6.4 CycasClass - CycadopsidaOrder
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of the rachis is the arrangement of
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consists of 3 layers, the outer and
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(ii) Dwarf shoot or branches of lim
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Figure 2.53b Pinus Pollen Grainc) A
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parts of the extinct plants are obt
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Page 105 and 106: ICT CornerDifferent forms of plants
Page 107 and 108: 3.1 HabitThe general form of a plan
Page 109 and 110: I. Characteristic features• Root
Page 111 and 112: 3.5.2 Modifications of rootI. Tap r
Page 113 and 114: 3. Sucking or Haustorial rootsThese
Page 115 and 116: 3.6.2 Types of StemMajority of angi
Page 117 and 118: CladodePhyllocladeSpineScaly leafRu
Page 119 and 120: 4. TuberThis is a succulent undergr
Page 121 and 122: 2. Palmately reticulate venation(mu
Page 123 and 124: AlternatePolyalthia4. Whorled (vert
Page 125 and 126: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)Figure 3.16: Typ
Page 127 and 128: 3. Plicate or plaited - when the le
Page 129 and 130: 6. Draw and label the parts of regi
Page 131 and 132: Chapter4Reproductive MorphologyLear
Page 133 and 134: 4.1.2 Based on branching pattern an
Page 135 and 136: f. Panicle: A branched raceme is ca
Page 137 and 138: Figure 4.6: (b) diagrammatic,(c) Mo
Page 139 and 140: 4.2 FlowerIn a plant, which part wo
Page 141 and 142: Figure 4.13: (a)ActinomorphicFigure
Page 143 and 144: Figure 4.17: (a)TrimerousFigure 4.1
Page 145 and 146: Figure 4.21: (d)CampanulateFigure 4
Page 147 and 148: 4.3.7 Aestivation: Arrangement of s
Page 149 and 150: c. Gynostegium:Connation product of
Page 151 and 152: 4.4.7 Anther dehiscing directionIt
Page 153: CorollaAnthophoreCalyxSaffron flowe
Page 157 and 158: Br : Bracteate.Ebr : EbracteateBrl
Page 159 and 160: Berry (Tomato)Drupe (Mango)Pepo (Cu
Page 161 and 162: is free from seed coat. Example: Cl
Page 163 and 164: FruitsSimpleAggregateMultipleEtaeri
Page 165 and 166: 4.8 SeedDo all fruits contain seeds
Page 167 and 168: ICT CornerFloral diagram and floral
Page 169 and 170: laid strong foundation for the bino
Page 171 and 172: Another concept emphasises the prod
Page 173 and 174: erecto folius compositis. It means
Page 175 and 176: Regional FloraIt includes large geo
Page 177 and 178: Botanical garden contains special p
Page 179 and 180: International HerbariumS.No Herbari
Page 181 and 182: Taxonomists have assigned a methodo
Page 183 and 184: Seed plantsClass IDicotyledonaeClas
Page 185 and 186: Figure 5.8: Adolph Engler and Karl
Page 187 and 188: Monocots are classified into 11 ord
Page 189 and 190: 1. Easily visible characters like s
Page 191 and 192: the form of a tree called phylogene
Page 193 and 194: based on shared apomorphic characte
Page 195 and 196: Flowers: Bracteate, bracteolate(Ses
Page 197 and 198: are dithecous, basifixed, introse a
Page 199 and 200: Economic ImportanceEconomicimportan
Page 201 and 202: 5.13.2 Family: Apocynaceae (milk we
Page 203 and 204: FlowerLeafFruitCorollaSepalCalyxL.S
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Economic importance of the family A
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5.13.3 Family: Solanaceae (Potato F
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LeafStamenCorollaStamenCorollaCalyx
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Habit: A small annual herbRoot: Bra
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5.13.4 Family: Euphorbiaceae (Casto
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Botanical Description Of Ricinus co
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Economic importance of the family E
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HeliconiaceaeSystematic PositionAPG
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LeafSpatheFlowerFruitBranchedspadix
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Economic Importance of The Family M
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in species of Smilax it is reticula
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Economic importance of the family l
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State Flower of Tamil NaduGloriosa
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as karyotaxonomy. The application o
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Chapter6Unit III: Cell biology andB
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microscopic organisms therefore it
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Microscopic measurements:The micros
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Comparison of MicroscopesFeaturesSo
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These solutes may be homogeneous(so
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of nuclear material. The DNA is wit
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The first cell might have evolvedap
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In plant, cell wall shows three dis
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Figure 6.13: Transport of molecules
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The largest of the internal membran
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time faster than DNA in the nucleus
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Ribosome consists of RNA andprotein
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v. Tannins in Mimosa pudica.vi. Rap
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secondary constrictions are called
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chromosome forms the chromosomal ax
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c. Smears: Here the specimen is in
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organisms are classified into proka
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ICT CornerCell structureCell-The un
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7.1 History of a CellTable 7.1: His
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Figure 7.1: Cell cyclethe cell cycl
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Drawbacks of Amitosis• Causes une
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the key regulatory proteins at the
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organs. It results in the formation
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Figure 7.8: MeiosisTelophase IIFour
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Summary273
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ICT CornerCell divisionHow cells ar
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222222BiomoleculesOrganic compounds
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8.2 Primary and SecondaryMetabolite
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8.3.2 DisaccharidesDisaccharides ar
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8.3.8 ChitinChitin is a homo polysa
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linoleic acid) the hydrocarbon chai
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8.5 ProteinsProteins are the most d
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8.5.2 Structure of ProteinProtein i
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colour develops without heating (Fi
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8.6.3 Factors Affecting the Rate of
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allosteric inhibitors. Eg. The enzy
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LyaseLigaseEnzymesMode ofactionBrea
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A characteristic feature that diffe
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Blue bands - Twosugar-phosphatechai
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Evaluation1. The most basic amino a
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ReferencesUnit 1: Diversity of Livi
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GlossaryAcetyl CoAActive siteAkinet
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English - Tamil TerminologyAcropeta
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Competitive Examination QuestionsUn
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22. Which one of the following stat
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18. How many plants in the list giv
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BOTANICAL NAMES AND COMMON NAMESS.N
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64 Musa paradisiaca Banana வா
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327 - 11th Botany Textbook Volume 1

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