327 - 11th Botany Textbook Volume 1

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Giant ChromosomesChromosome puffInter bandDark bandChromonemataPolytene chromosomesChromosome axisMatrixChromosomal fibreLampbrush chromosomes258
ICT CornerCell structureCell-The unit of LifeSteps• Scan the QR code & install the app from Android app store• Open the app & move the cell organelles by moving left bottom button• Select the cell organelles by pointer• Play the audio notes of cell organelles by click the right center button• Use pointer & observe the structure of cell organellesActivity• Observe the structures of cell organelles and record it.Step 2Step 4Step 1Step 3Step 5URL:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.VIEW.CellWorld&hl=en* Pictures are indicative only259
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GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADUBOTANYHIGHE
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CONTENTSBOTANYUNIT I: Diversity of
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TNAU B.Sc. Agriculture, B.Sc. Horti
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Research Institutions in various ar
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Chapter1Unit I: Diversity ofLiving
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(a)Nucleus(b)to change is called Ho
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1892 Dimitry Ivanowsky proved thatv
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1.2.6 BacteriophageViruses infectin
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are similar to viroids but they are
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Table 1.4: Systems of Classificatio
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Table 1.5: Comparison of Five Kingd
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CoccusDiplococcusStaphylococcusTetr
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MesosomesThese are localized infold
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What are Magnetosomes ?Intracellula
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with the help of pili. The pilus gr
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Table 1.7: Economic importance of B
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Table 1.10: Human diseases caused b
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• The reserve food material isCya
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logos - study). P.A. Micheli is con
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TrichogyneMicroconidia(f) Sporangia
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Zygomycetes• Most of the species
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fungi, stink horns, rusts and smuts
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like Amylase, Protease, Lactase etc
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and multinucleate structures which
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Figure 1.29: V.S. of Agaricus gillb
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evenly distributed in the thallus)
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6. Differentiate Homoiomerous andHe
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Chapter2Plant KingdomLearning Objec
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2.2 Life Cycle Patterns in PlantsAl
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FlagellaChloroplastOogoniumAntherid
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Autospores (spores which look simil
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r-phycocyanin are the photosyntheti
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ReproductionOedogonium reproduces b
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cells are elongated and possesses a
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• Sexual reproduction is Oogamous
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GametophyteThe plant body of Marcha
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The sporophyte is not free-living b
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4. Development of Bulbils on the rh
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2.5 PteridophytesSeedless Vascular
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Division-PTERIDOPHYTASub divisionPs
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but it is viewed to be associated w
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microsporangium and megaspores inme
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The epidermis is the outermost laye
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1. Protostele:In protostele phloem
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a) Cycas b) Thuja c) Taxus d) Ginkg
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2.6.4 CycasClass - CycadopsidaOrder
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of the rachis is the arrangement of
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consists of 3 layers, the outer and
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(ii) Dwarf shoot or branches of lim
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Figure 2.53b Pinus Pollen Grainc) A
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parts of the extinct plants are obt
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The sporangia with spores are found
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ICT CornerDifferent forms of plants
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3.1 HabitThe general form of a plan
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I. Characteristic features• Root
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3.5.2 Modifications of rootI. Tap r
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3. Sucking or Haustorial rootsThese
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3.6.2 Types of StemMajority of angi
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CladodePhyllocladeSpineScaly leafRu
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4. TuberThis is a succulent undergr
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2. Palmately reticulate venation(mu
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AlternatePolyalthia4. Whorled (vert
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)Figure 3.16: Typ
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3. Plicate or plaited - when the le
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6. Draw and label the parts of regi
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Chapter4Reproductive MorphologyLear
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4.1.2 Based on branching pattern an
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f. Panicle: A branched raceme is ca
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Figure 4.6: (b) diagrammatic,(c) Mo
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4.2 FlowerIn a plant, which part wo
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Figure 4.13: (a)ActinomorphicFigure
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Figure 4.17: (a)TrimerousFigure 4.1
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Figure 4.21: (d)CampanulateFigure 4
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4.3.7 Aestivation: Arrangement of s
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c. Gynostegium:Connation product of
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4.4.7 Anther dehiscing directionIt
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CorollaAnthophoreCalyxSaffron flowe
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4.6 Construction of floral diagrama
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Br : Bracteate.Ebr : EbracteateBrl
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Berry (Tomato)Drupe (Mango)Pepo (Cu
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is free from seed coat. Example: Cl
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FruitsSimpleAggregateMultipleEtaeri
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4.8 SeedDo all fruits contain seeds
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ICT CornerFloral diagram and floral
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laid strong foundation for the bino
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Another concept emphasises the prod
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erecto folius compositis. It means
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Regional FloraIt includes large geo
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Botanical garden contains special p
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International HerbariumS.No Herbari
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Taxonomists have assigned a methodo
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Seed plantsClass IDicotyledonaeClas
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Figure 5.8: Adolph Engler and Karl
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Monocots are classified into 11 ord
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1. Easily visible characters like s
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the form of a tree called phylogene
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based on shared apomorphic characte
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Flowers: Bracteate, bracteolate(Ses
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are dithecous, basifixed, introse a
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Economic ImportanceEconomicimportan
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5.13.2 Family: Apocynaceae (milk we
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FlowerLeafFruitCorollaSepalCalyxL.S
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Economic importance of the family A
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5.13.3 Family: Solanaceae (Potato F
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LeafStamenCorollaStamenCorollaCalyx
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Habit: A small annual herbRoot: Bra
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5.13.4 Family: Euphorbiaceae (Casto
Page 215 and 216: Botanical Description Of Ricinus co
Page 217 and 218: Economic importance of the family E
Page 219 and 220: HeliconiaceaeSystematic PositionAPG
Page 221 and 222: LeafSpatheFlowerFruitBranchedspadix
Page 223 and 224: Economic Importance of The Family M
Page 225 and 226: in species of Smilax it is reticula
Page 227 and 228: Economic importance of the family l
Page 229 and 230: State Flower of Tamil NaduGloriosa
Page 231 and 232: as karyotaxonomy. The application o
Page 233 and 234: Chapter6Unit III: Cell biology andB
Page 235 and 236: microscopic organisms therefore it
Page 237 and 238: Microscopic measurements:The micros
Page 239 and 240: Comparison of MicroscopesFeaturesSo
Page 241 and 242: These solutes may be homogeneous(so
Page 243 and 244: of nuclear material. The DNA is wit
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Page 247 and 248: In plant, cell wall shows three dis
Page 249 and 250: Figure 6.13: Transport of molecules
Page 251 and 252: The largest of the internal membran
Page 253 and 254: time faster than DNA in the nucleus
Page 255 and 256: Ribosome consists of RNA andprotein
Page 257 and 258: v. Tannins in Mimosa pudica.vi. Rap
Page 259 and 260: secondary constrictions are called
Page 261 and 262: chromosome forms the chromosomal ax
Page 263 and 264: c. Smears: Here the specimen is in
Page 265: organisms are classified into proka
Page 269 and 270: 7.1 History of a CellTable 7.1: His
Page 271 and 272: Figure 7.1: Cell cyclethe cell cycl
Page 273 and 274: Drawbacks of Amitosis• Causes une
Page 275 and 276: the key regulatory proteins at the
Page 277 and 278: organs. It results in the formation
Page 279 and 280: Figure 7.8: MeiosisTelophase IIFour
Page 281 and 282: Summary273
Page 283 and 284: ICT CornerCell divisionHow cells ar
Page 285 and 286: 222222BiomoleculesOrganic compounds
Page 287 and 288: 8.2 Primary and SecondaryMetabolite
Page 289 and 290: 8.3.2 DisaccharidesDisaccharides ar
Page 291 and 292: 8.3.8 ChitinChitin is a homo polysa
Page 293 and 294: linoleic acid) the hydrocarbon chai
Page 295 and 296: 8.5 ProteinsProteins are the most d
Page 297 and 298: 8.5.2 Structure of ProteinProtein i
Page 299 and 300: colour develops without heating (Fi
Page 301 and 302: 8.6.3 Factors Affecting the Rate of
Page 303 and 304: allosteric inhibitors. Eg. The enzy
Page 305 and 306: LyaseLigaseEnzymesMode ofactionBrea
Page 307 and 308: A characteristic feature that diffe
Page 309 and 310: Blue bands - Twosugar-phosphatechai
Page 311 and 312: Evaluation1. The most basic amino a
Page 313 and 314: ReferencesUnit 1: Diversity of Livi
Page 315 and 316: GlossaryAcetyl CoAActive siteAkinet
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English - Tamil TerminologyAcropeta
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Competitive Examination QuestionsUn
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22. Which one of the following stat
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18. How many plants in the list giv
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BOTANICAL NAMES AND COMMON NAMESS.N
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64 Musa paradisiaca Banana வா
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327 - 11th Botany Textbook Volume 1

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