General Chemistry Principles, Patterns, and Applications, 2011

7. Dolomite will be less resistant to acid rain because MgCO 3 is more soluble than CaCO 3 .
8.
9. Restrict milk consumption and supplement diet with calcium to minimize the uptake of strontium.
10.
11.
12.
13. The glass containing sodium will have a higher softening or melting temperature because the smaller sodium
ions will link the silicate chains more strongly.
14.
15. Ca 2+
16.
17. Na 2 CO 3 (s) + SO 2 (g) → Na 2 SO 3 (s) + CO 2 (g); Na 2 CO 3 (s) + H 2 SO 4 (g) → Na 2 SO 4 (s) + CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(g)
Chapter 22
The p-Block Elements
We continue our discussion of the chemistry of the main group elements with the pblock of the periodic table. We will
use the systematic approach developed in Chapter 21 "Periodic Trends and the ", which is based on valence electron
configurations and periodic trends in atomic properties, while applying the unifying principles of chemical bonding,
thermodynamics, and kinetics. The line that divides metals from nonmetals in the periodic table crosses the p block
diagonally. As a result, the differences between metallic and nonmetallic properties are evident within each group,
even though all members of each group have the same valence electron configuration. The p block is the only portion
of the periodic table where we encounter the inert-pair effect. Moreover, as with the s-block elements, the chemistry
of the lightest member of each group in the p block differs sharply from that of its heavier congeners but is similar to
that of the element immediately below and to the right of it in the next group. Thus diagonal similarities in chemistry
are seen across the p block.
22.1 The Elements of Group 13
L E A R N I N G O B JE C T I V E
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1981