General Chemistry Principles, Patterns, and Applications, 2011

Species Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)
CO 2 1330
O 2 1170
a. Can radiant energy corresponding to the lowest energy line in the Lyman series be used to ionize these
molecules?
b. According to the table, can radiation of this energy be transmitted through an oxygen atmosphere?
7. An artist used a pigment that has a significant absorption peak at 450 nm, with a trace absorption at 530 nm.
Based on the color chart and table in Problem 6, what was the color of the paint? Draw the absorption
pattern. What would the absorption spectrum have looked like if the artist had wanted green? Using
absorption spectra, explain why an equal combination of red and yellow paints produces orange.
8. You live in a universe where an electron has four different spins (ms = +½, +¼, −½, −¼) and the periodic table
has only 36 elements. Which elements would be noble gases? What would the periodic table look like?
(Assume that the Pauli exclusion principle is still valid.)
9. If you were living on a planet where there were three quantum numbers (n, l, m) instead of four, what would
be the allowed combinations for an electron in a 3p orbital? How many electrons would this orbital contain
assuming the Pauli exclusion principle were still in effect? How does this compare with the actual number of
allowed combinations found on Earth?
10. X-rays are frequently used to project images of the human body. Recently, however, a superior technique
called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been developed that uses proton spin to image tissues in
spectacular detail. In MRI, spinning hydrogen nuclei in an organic material are irradiated with photons that
contain enough energy to flip the protons to the opposite orientation. If 33.121 kJ/mol of energy is needed to
flip a proton, what is the resonance frequency required to produce an MRI spectrum? Suggest why this
frequency of electromagnetic radiation would be preferred over x-rays.
11. Vanadium has been found to be a key component in a biological catalyst that reduces nitrogen to ammonia.
What is the valence electron configuration of vanadium? What are the quantum numbers for each valence
electron? How many unpaired electrons does vanadium have?
12. Tellurium, a metal used in semiconductor devices, is also used as a coloring agent in porcelains and enamels.
Illustrate the aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund’s rule using tellurium metal.
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