General Chemistry Principles, Patterns, and Applications, 2011

Balance the equation and determine what has been oxidized and what has been reduced. How many grams of
sulfur dioxide would be produced from 4.0 × 10 3 g of lead sulfide? Discuss some potential environmental hazards
that stem from this reaction.
7. ♦ The Deacon process is one way to recover Cl 2 on-site in industrial plants where the chlorination of
hydrocarbons produces HCl. The reaction uses oxygen to oxidize HCl to chlorine, as shown.
HCl(g) + O 2 (g) → Cl 2 (g) + H 2 O(g)
The reaction is frequently carried out in the presence of NO as a catalyst.
a. Balance the chemical equation.
b. Which compound is the oxidant, and which is the reductant?
c. If 26 kg of HCl was produced during a chlorination reaction, how many kilograms of water would result from
the Deacon process?
8. In 1834, Eilhardt Mitscherlich of the University of Berlin synthesized benzene (C 6 H 6 ) by heating benzoic acid
(C 6 H 5 COOH) with calcium oxide according to this balanced chemical equation:
C 6 H 5 COOH(s) + CaO(s) → Δ C 6 H 6 (l) + CaCO 3 (s)
(Heating is indicated by the symbol Δ.) How much benzene would you expect from the reaction of 16.9 g of
benzoic acid and 18.4 g of calcium oxide? Which is the limiting reactant? How many grams of benzene would you
expect to obtain from this reaction, assuming a 73% yield?
9. Aspirin (C 9 H 8 O 4 ) is synthesized by the reaction of salicylic acid (C 7 H 6 O 3 ) with acetic anhydride (C 4 H 6 O 3 )
according to the following equation:
C 7 H 6 O 3 (s) + C 4 H 6 O 3 (l) → C 9 H 8 O 4 (s) + H 2 O(l)
Balance the equation and find the limiting reactant given 10.0 g of acetic anhydride and 8.0 g of salicylic acid. How
many grams of aspirin would you expect from this reaction, assuming an 83% yield?
10. ♦ Hydrofluoric acid etches glass because it dissolves silicon dioxide, as represented in the following chemical
equation:
SiO 2 (s) + HF(aq) → SiF 2− 6 (aq) + H + (aq) + H 2 O(l)
a. Balance the equation.
b. How many grams of silicon dioxide will react with 5.6 g of HF?
c. How many grams of HF are needed to remove 80% of the silicon dioxide from a 4.0 kg piece of glass?
(Assume that the glass is pure silicon dioxide.)
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