A “Toolbox” for Forensic Engineers

4.7.4 Other Methods 127
4.7.5 Integrity of Analysis 127
4.8 Closing Comments 128
References 130
5 Failure Due to Manufacturing Faults 131
5.1 Traumatic Failure 131
5.2 Failure of Freight Containers 133
5.3 Failures of Gears in Oil Pump 144
5.4 Manhole Step 146
5.5 Failure of Threaded Iron Pipe Coupling 151
5.6 Replacement Gears for Gearbox of Heavy Trucks 152
5.7 Hooks and Keepers 155
5.8 Rivet Failure in Multipurpose Tool 158
5.9 Scaffolding Guard Rail 159
5.10 Gas Molding Problems 165
6 Fluid Transport 171
6.1 Introduction 171
6.2 Materials of Choice 171
6.2.1 Design Criteria 172
6.2.2 Corrosion and Environmental Degradation 172
6.2.3 Case Studies 173
6.3 Corrosion Failures 174
6.3.1 Failure of an Oil Delivery Pipe 175
6.3.2 Vehicle Brake Pipe Failure 177
6.3.3 Stainless Steel Pipe Clamp Corrosion 181
6.3.4 Other SCC Failures 184
6.4 A Plumbing Problem 184
6.4.1 Reasons for Failure 186
6.4.2 The Fracture Surface 187
6.4.3 Water Pressure 189
6.4.4 Molding Features 191
6.4.5 Stress Corrosion Cracking 192
6.4.6 Acetal Polymer 192
6.4.7 A U.S. Problem 193
6.4.8 Aftermath 194
6.5 Fuel Pipes 194
6.5.1 Cracking and Abrasion 196
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