A “Toolbox” for Forensic Engineers

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Index 433 Gel permeation chromatography, 234 Glass-reinforced nylon, 218–219 Gold-coated fracture surface, 224–225 Graphite flakes, 148–149 Guard rail failure, 159–165 H Hardness testing Brinell hardness test, 108 description of, 107 Moh’s hardness scale, 107 Rockwell hardness test, 109 Vickers hardness test, 107–108, 157 Heat-affected zones, 98 Heavy truck gearbox, failure of replacement gears for, 152–155 Hip joint failures acetabular hip shell contamination, 293–295 description of, 290 fatigue-related, 290–292 femoral stem, 292–296 Hoist carrier, 87–89 Hook failure, 155–158 Hovermower, 395–396 Hydrogen-induced cracking, 156 I Incident scene inspection, 87 Indirect strain measurements brittle lacquer for, 115–117 description of, 115 Infrared spectroscopy, 124–126 Injection molding, 165 Insurance claims, fraudulent car keys, 350–351 description of, 349–350 engine damage caused by loss of oil, 354–358 oil filter perforation, 352–354 three-car road accident, 358–363 Intellectual property cases description of, 379–380 forms of, 379–380 lawnmowers, See Lawnmowers patents, 380–381 wheeled containers, See Wheeled containers Investigations description of, 90–91 incident scene inspection, 87 initial approach, 86–89 macroscopic examination, 93 metallographic sectioning cast irons, 95–99 description of, 94–95 observations description of, 86 initial, significance of, 87–89 optical microscopic examination, 94 photography, 91–92 product and material standards, 92–93 sample handling, 91–92 scanning electron microscopy battery case failures evaluated using, 231–232 complexity of, 102 description of, 100–102 drawback of, 102 energy dispersive x-ray analyzer and, 104 environmental, 102–104 fractographs, 299 fracture striations, 238 lamp filaments, 337 radiator failure evaluations, 223–225 situation assessments, 89–90 Iron, electrode potential of, 176 Iron pipe coupling failure, 151–152 K Keeper failure, 155–158 L Ladder accidents involving, 273–286 description of, 62–66 design improvements for, 284–286 Lamp filament failure description of, 335–336 mechanisms, 336–338 motorcycle accident caused by, 338–340 scanning electron microscopy of, 337 Latent defects, 13 Lath axe, eye injury caused by, 267–270 Lawnmowers
434 Forensic Materials Engineering: Case Studies description of, 393–394 development of, 394–395 Hovermower, 395–396 Monocoque, 397–398 patent infringement suits afterword, 413 Black & Decker v. Flymo I, 406–407 design development sequence, 399–405 discovery, 405–406 issues involved in, 407–408 judgment, 411–413 pretrial litigation, 405 Rasenkatz patent, 398–399 validity of patent, 408–409 wording of claims, 409–411 Zundapp patent, 408–409 wheeled rotary, 397 Litigation commercial disputes as cause of, 15 expert’s role, 19 forensic engineer’s role in, 19–20 patent disputes, See Patents reasons for, 14–15 trials cross-examination of, 17–18 description of, 15–16 evidence in, 16–19 procedure of, 17–19 Load description of, 61–62 freight container failure and, 142–143 Load transfer path, 66–72 M Macroscopic examination, 93 Magnetic particle inspection, for crack detection, 118 Magnetic resonance imaging, 127 Manhole step failure, 146–151 Manufacturing, 7–8 Manufacturing defects casting shrinkage, 32–33 description of, 30–31 freight container failure caused by, 133–144 gear failure in oil pump caused by, 144–146 keeper failure caused by, 155–158 manhole step failure caused by, 146–151 omission-related, 31–33 replacement gears for gearbox of heavy truck failure caused by, 152–155 rivet failure in multipurpose tool caused by, 158–159 scaffolding guard rail failure caused by, 159–165 threaded iron pipe coupling failure caused by, 151–152 traumatic failure caused by, 131–132 welding-related, 33–34 wire hook failure caused by, 155–158 Material standards, 92–93 Mechanical testing description of, 105 hardness testing Brinell hardness test, 108 description of, 107 Moh’s hardness scale, 107 Rockwell hardness test, 109 Vickers hardness test, 107–108 tensile testing, 105–106 Medical implements assessment of, 288–289 body’s effects on, 288 breathing tube defect, 305–307 catheters breast tissue expander, 298–303 TPE, 297–298 corrosion of, 288 crutch failure, 313–315 design attributes of, 289–290 hip joint failures acetabular hip shell contamination, 293–295 description of, 290 fatigue-related, 290–292 femoral stem, 292–296 materials for description of, 287–288 selection criteria considerations, 288 needle corrosion, 303–305 nerve probe failure during surgical procedure, 315–316 overview of, 287–288 performance of, 289 surgical tweezer failure in-plane cracking, 307–310 titanium ophthalmic, 310–313
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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Preface Case studies of product fai
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could not be simpler in shape, they
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Acknowledgments We thank The Open U
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The Authors Peter R. Lewis, Ph.D.,
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Laboratories of Imperial College of
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3 Establishing the Load Transfer Pa
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6.5.2 A Problem in Eire 197 6.5.3 M
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9.4.2 Failure in Femoral Stem of To
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13.3.7 Design Development Sequence
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2 Forensic Materials Engineering: C
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10 Forensic Materials Engineering:
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Materials in Distress 2.1 Introduct
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Materials in Distress 27 It is usef
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Materials in Distress 29 (A) Unload
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Materials in Distress 31 1. Flowing
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Materials in Distress 33 to compens
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Materials in Distress 35 Fracture o
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Materials in Distress 37 Force A Fr
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Materials in Distress 39 Such fract
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Materials in Distress 41 somewhat b
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Materials in Distress 43 Figure 2.8
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Materials in Distress 49 Stress Amp
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Materials in Distress 53 solutions.
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Materials in Distress 59 short time
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Failure of Storage Vessels 215 7 Th
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Failure of Storage Vessels 227 been
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Failure of Storage Vessels 231 Mean
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Failure of Storage Vessels 239 Stre
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Failure of Storage Vessels 245 (Sur
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Failure of Storage Vessels 247 Were
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Failure of Storage Vessels 249 Dam
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Failure of Storage Vessels 251 Bund
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Failure of Storage Vessels 253 Hull
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Accidents in the Workplace 255 8 De
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Accidents in the Workplace 257 ensu
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Accidents in the Workplace 259 4. F
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Accidents in the Workplace 261 is a
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Accidents in the Workplace 263 Figu
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Accidents in the Workplace 265 be b
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Accidents in the Workplace 273 8.4
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Accidents in the Workplace 275 The
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Accidents in the Workplace 277 (Fig
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Failure of Medical Implements 9.1 I
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Failure of Medical Implements 289 b
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Failure of Medical Implements 291 F
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Failure of Medical Implements 293 A
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Failure of Medical Implements 297 9
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Failure of Medical Implements 313 S
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Fraudulent Insurance Claims 349 11
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Fraudulent Insurance Claims 351 som
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Fraudulent Insurance Claims 353 Fig
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Intellectual Property Cases 13.1 In
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