A “Toolbox” for Forensic Engineers

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Fluid Transport 189 Figure 6.13 Close-up of side of the fracture surface with flaps due to crack branching, from which crack growth direction could be inferred. Figure 6.14 Close-up of the crack tip showing weld lines ahead of the crack. lines are indicative of cool tools, so that flow of molten polymer in the mold tool is inhibited. The fact that the fitting had been screwed tightly to produce a closure stress on the threads was indisputable as Figure 6.15 shows. So what effect would such weld lines have when the thread was screwed tightly by the plumber? 6.4.3 Water Pressure Tiny weld lines could concentrate the tightening load if any were situated at the root of a thread. One common observation of failures from screw threads is that failure is often situated at the next-to-last thread, a feature confirmed by theoretical analysis of the stress-concentrating effects of thread forms. Thread failures are themselves rather common simply because threaded joints and connections are some of the most common ways of joining components together. However, there was no evidence of an excessive closure stress made by the plumber when finally tightening the joint, and the cause of the failure
190 Forensic Materials Engineering: Case Studies Figure 6.15 Section of fitting showing closure strain at threads. remained unknown at this stage of the investigation. What was clear was that there was no evidence supporting the proposal that the joint had been overtightened (and that therefore the plumber was to blame). One additional factor is the internal pressure from the water supply. Although it had not been measured directly, the specification of the fitting allowed for a pressure of up to 25 m head of water. The pressure will, of course, impose a hoop stress on the wall of the fitting, but what magnitude would it be? The pressure can be calculated using the simple equation: So that P = rhg = 1000 ¥ 25 ¥ 9.81 Pa or Nm –2 P ~ 0.25 ¥ 10 6 = 0.25 MPa
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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Preface Case studies of product fai
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could not be simpler in shape, they
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Acknowledgments We thank The Open U
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The Authors Peter R. Lewis, Ph.D.,
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Laboratories of Imperial College of
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3 Establishing the Load Transfer Pa
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6.5.2 A Problem in Eire 197 6.5.3 M
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9.4.2 Failure in Femoral Stem of To
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13.3.7 Design Development Sequence
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2 Forensic Materials Engineering: C
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Materials in Distress 2.1 Introduct
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Materials in Distress 27 It is usef
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Materials in Distress 29 (A) Unload
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Materials in Distress 31 1. Flowing
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Materials in Distress 33 to compens
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Materials in Distress 35 Fracture o
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Materials in Distress 37 Force A Fr
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Materials in Distress 39 Such fract
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Materials in Distress 41 somewhat b
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Materials in Distress 43 Figure 2.8
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Materials in Distress 49 Stress Amp
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Materials in Distress 53 solutions.
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Materials in Distress 59 short time
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Accidents in the Workplace 255 8 De
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Accidents in the Workplace 259 4. F
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Failure of Medical Implements 9.1 I
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Intellectual Property Cases 13.1 In
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A “Toolbox” for Forensic Engineers

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