A “Toolbox” for Forensic Engineers

434 Forensic Materials Engineering: Case Studies
description of, 393–394
development of, 394–395
Hovermower, 395–396
Monocoque, 397–398
patent infringement suits
afterword, 413
Black & Decker v. Flymo I, 406–407
design development sequence,
399–405
discovery, 405–406
issues involved in, 407–408
judgment, 411–413
pretrial litigation, 405
Rasenkatz patent, 398–399
validity of patent, 408–409
wording of claims, 409–411
Zundapp patent, 408–409
wheeled rotary, 397
Litigation
commercial disputes as cause of, 15
expert’s role, 19
forensic engineer’s role in, 19–20
patent disputes, See Patents
reasons for, 14–15
trials
cross-examination of, 17–18
description of, 15–16
evidence in, 16–19
procedure of, 17–19
Load
description of, 61–62
freight container failure and, 142–143
Load transfer path, 66–72
M
Macroscopic examination, 93
Magnetic particle inspection, for crack
detection, 118
Magnetic resonance imaging, 127
Manhole step failure, 146–151
Manufacturing, 7–8
Manufacturing defects
casting shrinkage, 32–33
description of, 30–31
freight container failure caused by,
133–144
gear failure in oil pump caused by,
144–146
keeper failure caused by, 155–158
manhole step failure caused by, 146–151
omission-related, 31–33
replacement gears for gearbox of heavy
truck failure caused by, 152–155
rivet failure in multipurpose tool caused
by, 158–159
scaffolding guard rail failure caused by,
159–165
threaded iron pipe coupling failure
caused by, 151–152
traumatic failure caused by, 131–132
welding-related, 33–34
wire hook failure caused by, 155–158
Material standards, 92–93
Mechanical testing
description of, 105
hardness testing
Brinell hardness test, 108
description of, 107
Moh’s hardness scale, 107
Rockwell hardness test, 109
Vickers hardness test, 107–108
tensile testing, 105–106
Medical implements
assessment of, 288–289
body’s effects on, 288
breathing tube defect, 305–307
catheters
breast tissue expander, 298–303
TPE, 297–298
corrosion of, 288
crutch failure, 313–315
design attributes of, 289–290
hip joint failures
acetabular hip shell contamination,
293–295
description of, 290
fatigue-related, 290–292
femoral stem, 292–296
materials for
description of, 287–288
selection criteria considerations, 288
needle corrosion, 303–305
nerve probe failure during surgical
procedure, 315–316
overview of, 287–288
performance of, 289
surgical tweezer failure
in-plane cracking, 307–310
titanium ophthalmic, 310–313