38 the policy agenda Work<strong>in</strong>g to achieve the Millennium Development Goals Cont<strong>in</strong>u<strong>in</strong>g progress has been made towards the Millennium Development Goal of universal education by 2015 <strong>in</strong>vest <strong>in</strong> nigeRia <strong>2012</strong>-<strong>13</strong>
Nigeria’s efforts towards meet<strong>in</strong>g the Millennium Development Goals have resulted <strong>in</strong> many positive achievements, but the country’s oil wealth could prove to be an obstacle to development, as Bija Knowles discovers is runn<strong>in</strong>g beh<strong>in</strong>d <strong>in</strong> the goals, but I am optimistic that with necessary support from all stakeholders, the goals will be atta<strong>in</strong>ed.” These were the words of “Nigeria Precious Gbeneol, senior special assistant to President Goodluck Jonathan, <strong>in</strong> reference to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) dur<strong>in</strong>g an address to Nigeria’s Youth Parliament at her office <strong>in</strong> Abuja <strong>in</strong> January <strong>2012</strong>. The MDGs were devised by the world’s lead<strong>in</strong>g development organisations and develop<strong>in</strong>g countries with the aim of plac<strong>in</strong>g key human development factors at the heart of the <strong>in</strong>ternational agenda. The goals range from end<strong>in</strong>g extreme hunger and poverty to reduc<strong>in</strong>g child mortality, and improv<strong>in</strong>g the quality of maternal healthcare. So, what has Nigeria accomplished s<strong>in</strong>ce the eight MDGs were launched <strong>in</strong> 2000, and what is the likelihood that all of the goals will be achieved by the target date of 2015? There are no easy answers; measur<strong>in</strong>g and plann<strong>in</strong>g for the MDGs is dogged by an absence of reliable, recent data on many of the <strong>in</strong>dicators. This is due, <strong>in</strong> part, to a lack of fund<strong>in</strong>g for data generation and management, as well as a lack of <strong>in</strong>frastructure and <strong>in</strong>ter-state cooperation. The politicisation of data is also a factor – officials may be reluctant to share data for fear of the political or f<strong>in</strong>ancial consequences. Evaluat<strong>in</strong>g progress The data that is available shows that steps have been made <strong>in</strong> some areas. For example, the targets on reduc<strong>in</strong>g child mortality and improv<strong>in</strong>g maternal health could be atta<strong>in</strong>able by 2015. However, achievements <strong>in</strong> other areas have been pa<strong>in</strong>fully slow. The goal of environmental susta<strong>in</strong>ability is look<strong>in</strong>g unreachable, as the forest area <strong>in</strong> Nigeria shrunk from 14.4 per cent <strong>in</strong> 2000 to 9.9 per cent <strong>in</strong> 2010. The first of the eight MDGs aims to eradicate poverty and hunger. One of the targets is to halve (from 1990 to 2015) the proportion of people whose <strong>in</strong>come is less than $1 a day. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to the United Nations (UN), the proportion of people liv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> extreme poverty <strong>in</strong> develop<strong>in</strong>g regions has fallen from 46 per cent to 27 per cent globally. In contrast to this global figure, Nigeria is one of many countries <strong>in</strong> sub-Saharan Africa that are still far from mak<strong>in</strong>g progress towards this target. the policy agenda 39 In 2010, 68 per cent of the population was liv<strong>in</strong>g on less than $1.25 per day. However, there have been some success stories, such as the National Special Programme for Food Security, which has helped to almost double agricultural yields and farmers’ <strong>in</strong>comes. World Bank figures on the second MDG of universal primary education show that 74.4 per cent of children completed primary school (78.8 per cent of boys and 69.7 per cent of girls) <strong>in</strong> 2010. The percentage of children complet<strong>in</strong>g primary school peaked at 88.7 per cent <strong>in</strong> 2006, before fall<strong>in</strong>g to 70 per cent <strong>in</strong> 2008, and it has been ris<strong>in</strong>g slowly s<strong>in</strong>ce. Another important <strong>in</strong>dicator on educational progress is literacy – <strong>in</strong> 2009, 71.8 per cent of 15- to 24-year-olds were considered literate, accord<strong>in</strong>g to UN data, compared with 68.9 per cent <strong>in</strong> 2003. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to the 2011 MDG Report from the UN, of the total number of primary age children <strong>in</strong> Nigeria who do not attend school, about three-quarters are unlikely to have any exposure to education. “This pattern <strong>in</strong>dicates that barriers to education <strong>in</strong> Nigeria are especially difficult to overcome,” the report concludes. It suggests that for those liv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> extreme poverty, there are few pathways out of poverty. Steps towards equality Gender equality is the third MDG. In 2011, the proportion of seats held by women <strong>in</strong> Nigeria’s national parliament was seven per cent, or 25 out of 358 seats – a figure that has rema<strong>in</strong>ed stable s<strong>in</strong>ce 2008. Significant progress has been made <strong>in</strong> reduc<strong>in</strong>g child mortality, the fourth MDG. The mortality rate for the under-fives reduced from 2<strong>13</strong> per 1,000 live births <strong>in</strong> 1990 to 143 deaths per 1,000 live births <strong>in</strong> 2010. Meanwhile, <strong>in</strong>fant mortality (up to one year old) dropped from 126 per 1,000 live births <strong>in</strong> 1990 to 88 <strong>in</strong> 2010, accord<strong>in</strong>g to UN figures. Maternal mortality, one of the <strong>in</strong>dicators <strong>in</strong> improv<strong>in</strong>g maternal health (MDG 5), decreased from 980 per 100,000 live births <strong>in</strong> 2000 to 840 <strong>in</strong> 2008. A further <strong>in</strong>dicator, the proportion of births attended by a skilled health professional, also shows improvement, from ris<strong>in</strong>g from 38.9 per cent <strong>in</strong> 2008 to 43.5 per cent <strong>in</strong> 2011. MDG 6 aims to combat HIV, AIDS, malaria and other diseases. The first target of this goal is to halt and reverse the spread of HIV and AIDS by 2015. Educat<strong>in</strong>g young people <strong>in</strong> how to protect themselves is one of the key ways of stopp<strong>in</strong>g the spread of this disease. In Nigeria <strong>in</strong> 2009, 70 per cent of men and women aged 15-24 were aware that they could protect themselves by us<strong>in</strong>g a condom every time <strong>in</strong>vest <strong>in</strong> nigeRia <strong>2012</strong>-<strong>13</strong>
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- Page 16 and 17: 16 FOREWORD Goodluck Ebele Jonathan
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Step on the gas The Nigerian Gas Ma
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The original GMP proposed a gas inf
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To encourage the participation of l
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NEITI: the Nigerian Extractive Indu
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Cakasa (Nigeria) Company Limited St
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The government has ambitious plans
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Potential for growth The Nigerian g
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Oil and the Niger Delta Nigeria’s
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Shell estimates it has an additiona
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High Voltage transmission sending s
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Despite being rich in natural resou
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HEAD OFFICE POWER GENERATION TRANSM
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former university academic addresse
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Although efforts to bring electrici
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www.ilf.com ILF - Engineering Excel
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The National Economic Development P
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Vehicle imports General cargo Conta
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Engineering & Construction STEMCO,
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132 INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Suppo
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134 INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE One o
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136 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Populatio
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138 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Tackling
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140 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE the chanc
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142 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Healthcar
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144 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Obstetric
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146 agriculture and water Growing t
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Electrical, Mechanical, Civil, Wate
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150 agriculture and water sesame an
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Siat Group Investment Company in Tr
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154 agriculture and water The devel
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156 media, tourism aNd culture A ri
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158 media, tourism aNd culture The
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160 MEDIA, TOURISM AND CULTURE A ci
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162 MEDIA, TOURISM AND CULTURE Top
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164 DIRECTORY Government ministries
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166 DIRECTORY Tel: 236 0521, 236 05
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168 DIRECTORY United States of Amer
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170 Index of advertisers Aero .....
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ffordability - innovation eliabilit