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74<br />

POSTGRADUATE REGULATIONS & SYLLABUSES 2012 - 2013<br />

THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES & EDUCATION<br />

2. Social <strong>and</strong> Affective Factors Influencing Learning<br />

• Motivation <strong>and</strong> learning: Intrinsic <strong>and</strong> extrinsic<br />

rewards, the teacher’s motivation tasks, cooperation<br />

<strong>and</strong> competition, increasing achievement motivation<br />

• Classroom social climate: Teacher behaviours,<br />

classroom group processes<br />

• Self-concept: Academic self-concept, anxiety<br />

3. Managing the Learning Environment<br />

• Role <strong>of</strong> the teacher: Classroom manager, authority<br />

figure, socializing agent<br />

• Establishing <strong>and</strong> maintaining the learning<br />

environment: <strong>The</strong> physical environment, group<br />

leadership, group management techniques<br />

• Behaviourmanagement:Problembehaviour,discipline<br />

<strong>and</strong> punishment, conflict resolution, behaviour<br />

modification, mechanisms <strong>of</strong> escape <strong>and</strong> defence.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D. (2004). <strong>Education</strong>al psychology: Windows<br />

on classrooms (6th ed.) Upper Saddle Rivers, NJ: Prentice<br />

Hall.<br />

Gage, N. L., & Berlinger, D. C. (1992). Psychology for teachers (5th<br />

ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.<br />

C. Sociology <strong>of</strong> <strong>Education</strong><br />

Rationale<br />

This unit is intended to provide the student with the concepts<br />

<strong>and</strong> tools <strong>of</strong> analysis to underst<strong>and</strong> the relationship between the<br />

school <strong>and</strong> society, <strong>and</strong> how this relationship affects individuals<br />

<strong>and</strong> groups within the educational system.<br />

OBJECTIVES<br />

Teachers will develop an underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong>:<br />

1. the relationship between the school <strong>and</strong> the society in<br />

which it operates;<br />

2. the influence <strong>of</strong> the family on educational achievement;<br />

3. the effects <strong>of</strong> peer groups on the development <strong>of</strong> the<br />

individual;<br />

4. <strong>The</strong> ways in which the school as a social organization can<br />

influence academic performance <strong>and</strong> learning <strong>of</strong> norms.<br />

CONTENT<br />

1. <strong>Education</strong> <strong>and</strong> Society<br />

This module will examine the relationship between<br />

education <strong>and</strong> society. Students will be introduced to the<br />

theoretical perspectives used by sociologists to examine<br />

social phenomena; the purposes <strong>of</strong> schooling will be<br />

discussed, e.g., socialization, certification, preparation<br />

for the labour market; social transmission <strong>and</strong> social<br />

transformation models <strong>of</strong> schooling <strong>and</strong> the relationship<br />

between school <strong>and</strong> work.<br />

2. Into the Classroom<br />

In this module, students will move from the macro<br />

perspectives into the micro, focusing on the internal<br />

processes <strong>of</strong> schools such as classroom interaction, teacher/<br />

student relationships, teachers’ perceptions <strong>of</strong> teaching,<br />

their role, pr<strong>of</strong>essional development, <strong>and</strong> the issue <strong>of</strong><br />

curriculum/school knowledge <strong>and</strong> what counts or is valued<br />

as worthwhile knowledge in schools.<br />

3. Equality <strong>of</strong> <strong>Education</strong>al Opportunity<br />

This module will examine the concept <strong>of</strong> equality <strong>of</strong><br />

educational opportunity <strong>and</strong> examine the various factors<br />

that influence educational opportunity, e.g.<br />

• socialclass<strong>and</strong>itsrelationshiptoeducationalprovision<br />

<strong>and</strong> achievement<br />

• gender<br />

• ethnicity<br />

• education in the Third World <strong>and</strong> its relationship to<br />

development theories.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Freire, P. (1994). Pedagogy <strong>of</strong> hope. New York: Continuum Pub.<br />

Co.<br />

Mulkey, L. M. (1993). Sociology <strong>of</strong> education: <strong>The</strong>oretical <strong>and</strong><br />

empirical investigations. NewYork: Holt, Rinehart &<br />

Winston.<br />

Robinson, P. (1981). Perspectives on the sociology <strong>of</strong> education:<br />

An introduction. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.<br />

D. Language in <strong>Education</strong><br />

Rationale<br />

Language is the most unique <strong>of</strong> all human attributes. It is a<br />

means <strong>of</strong> human communication <strong>and</strong>, at the same time, a mode<br />

<strong>of</strong> thought <strong>and</strong> learning through which reality is constructed<br />

<strong>and</strong> presented. Firstly, through its communicative potential,<br />

language makes available to others thoughts, ideas, <strong>and</strong><br />

feelings. This aspect makes it a vital part <strong>of</strong> human learning,<br />

central to the interaction between teacher <strong>and</strong> pupil. Secondly,<br />

language <strong>of</strong>fers the means <strong>of</strong> bringing knowledge into being,<br />

making it personal, through the active shaping <strong>and</strong> interpretive<br />

processes <strong>of</strong> speaking, writing, listening, <strong>and</strong> reading. It enters<br />

the curriculum, therefore, both as a communication system <strong>and</strong><br />

as a means <strong>of</strong> learning.<br />

OBJECTIVES<br />

Teachers will:<br />

1. underst<strong>and</strong> the role <strong>of</strong> language in schools <strong>and</strong> classrooms<br />

for both teaching <strong>and</strong> learning;<br />

2. be conscious <strong>of</strong> the linguistic processes by which students<br />

meet the urgent dem<strong>and</strong>s for practical mastery <strong>of</strong> language<br />

in the various curriculum areas;<br />

3. be introduced to appropriate strategies <strong>and</strong> resources<br />

to help students meet the urgent dem<strong>and</strong>s for practical<br />

mastery <strong>of</strong> language in the various curriculum areas;<br />

4. develop the skills to evaluate students’ language abilities<br />

<strong>and</strong> devise ways <strong>of</strong> extending them;

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