Nord Stream: Not Just a Pipeline

Contents
Lists of Figures and Tables ii
Acknowledgements iii
Abbreviations v
1 Introduction 1
1.1 The Structure of the Report 2
1.2 Source Material and Selection 4
2 What is Nord Stream? 5
2.1 Companies Involved 5
2.2 Technical Features, Timeframe and Budget 6
2.3 Legal Framework 7
2.4 Recent Developments and Current State of Affairs 7
3 First Perspective: ‘Bringing Gas to Europe’ 9
3.1 The Nord Stream Consortium’s Explanation: The EU
Needs Gas 9
3.2 Alternative Explanation: Germany Needs Gas 13
3.3 Overarching Assumption: Harmony through
Interdependence 15
4 Second Perspective: ‘Dividing Europe’ 18
4.1 Main Sources of Concern 18
4.2 Russian Energy Policy: Neo-Imperialism in the Making? 22
4.3 The Real Threat: A Coming Russian Gas Deficit 25
5 Third Perspective: ‘A Military-Strategic Problem’ 30
5.1 The Swedish Debate: Paranoia or Cold War Revisited? 30
5.2 Comparing Debates: Sweden, Finland and Estonia 33
5.3 The Role of History and Geopolitics 35
6 Fourth Perspective: ‘A Threat to the Baltic Sea Environment’ 40
6.1 The Baltic Sea: Not Like Other Seas 40
6.2 The North Sea Analogy 42
6.3 Politicisation and the Role of Domestic Politics 46
7 Conclusions 50
Appendix: Energy Mix Charts 56
References 63
8.1 Interviews (by the Author) 63
8.2 Printed Sources 64
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