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1-14 FM 42-414 FM 3-4 Sound alarms FM 5-36 Road signs FM 21-60 Flags, lights, panels, arm and hand signals FM 21-305 Traffic control signals FM 23-30 Pyrotechnics FM 55-312 Convoy warning devices, flags, and hand signals COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY COMSEC consists of measures taken to keep unauthorized persons from getting information from the communications system. As outlined in FM 24-1, your soldiers should practice the following security measures in these areas: physical, transmission, cryto, and emission. Transmission and physical security measures are discussed for further clarification. Transmission Security. The SOI governs all transmissions. The SOI is a type of classified combat order issued by higher headquarters for technical control and coordination of communications. See FM 25-35 for more information on the SOI. As a rule, you receive only an extract of the SOI, the part you need to manage your nets. Also, the SOI may give you a list of essential elements of friendly information which must not be transmitted. Your operators should have a copy of this list. They should monitor transmissions to see if information on the list is being passed. They should report any violations to their supervisor. Other ways you can make transmissions more secure include -- • Choose the most secure means of communication according to the urgency of the situation. • Transmit only when necessary. • Use low transmitting power when possible. • Be wary if a radio station’s signal strength suddenly changes. • Use directional antennas and terrain masking when possible. • Plan your message. Keep the message short as possible. • Maintain total radio silence when directed. • Use only authorized codes and ciphers. • Avoid identifying yourself or others.
• Demand authentication. Do not talk to anyone who will not authenticate. FM 42-414 Physical Security. Impress your operators with the need to protect communications equipment from abuse, damage, or capture. Make sure they guard against disclosing the locations of equipment. Make sure phone wires are inside the defense perimeter and along frequently traveled routes. Bury wire and cables when possible. This protects against magnetic pulses during nuclear attacks. Site radios in well-defended locations. Instruct your operators to move transmitters frequently. Be sure to rotate your operators so that an enemy will not associate an operator with a specific unit or operation. COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENTS The environment can have a significant impact on communications. Your soldiers must know how to install, operate, and maintain communications equipment in all environments. Cold weather, desert, jungle, mountain, and NBC environments create special problems. These areas are discussed next. Cold Weather. For operations in severe cold weather, special arctic training is needed. See FMs 9-207, 24-1, 31-70, and 31-71 for details on operations in cold weather. Desert. Dust and extreme heat are two major problems in desert operations. FM 24-1 lists their effects on communications. See FM 90-3 for details on desert operations. Jungle. Humidity and heat create the biggest problems for combat communicators in the jungle. Good operator maintenance is the key to keeping equipment in working condition. FMs 24-1 and 90-5 have details on a jungle environment. Mountain. In mountain areas, you may find it difficult to move, to find a communication site, and to ground equipment in rocky soil. You may also have problems with operating generators and carburetors at high altitudes. See FMs 24-1 and 90-6 for more details on mountain operations. Biological and Chemical. Combat communicators will find it difficult to retain continuity of communications in a biological or chemical environment. Manual dexterity is degraded when they wear MOPP gear. Voice distortion from the protective mask will make radio and telephone conversations difficult. Personnel decontamination is time-consuming and will take CE operators away from their duty positions. To overcome these problems, train your soldiers in full MOPP gear in a simulated biological or chemical environment. See FMs 3-3, 3-4, 3-100, and 24-1 for more details on operations in a biological or chemical environment. Nuclear. Nuclear detonations from great distances degrade signals as a result of changes in the medium characteristics (a transient effect of electromagnetic pulse). They damage systems by radiation or intense fields generated by gamma pulse. ELECTRONIC ATTACKS 1-15
Page 1 and 2: TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES
Page 3 and 4: FM 42-414 Page Section V ENVIRONMEN
Page 5 and 6: FM 42-414 SCOPE vi PREFACE This man
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 1 ALIGNMENT OF QUARTERMASTE
Page 9 and 10: FM 42-414 The QM FSC, M Organizatio
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Page 13 and 14: FM 42-414 direct support through th
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Page 17 and 18: NOTE: The kitchen and dining facili
Page 19: • Tactical satellite communicatio
Page 23 and 24: SITE SELECTION PLANNING CONSIDERATI
Page 25 and 26: FM 42-414 Appendixes C and D on mis
Page 27 and 28: FM 42-414 Request camouflage, barri
Page 29 and 30: FM 42-414 Camouflage Area And Perso
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Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER 2 QUARTERMASTER FIELD SERVI
Page 43 and 44: FM 42-414 The company headquarters
Page 45 and 46: FM 42-414 NOTE: See FM 63-1 for mor
Page 47 and 48: FM 42-414 their capability. His dut
Page 49 and 50: • Procedures for completing forms
Page 51 and 52: FIELD KITCHEN SECTION OPERATIONS FM
Page 53 and 54: FM 42-414 Additional Field Feeding
Page 55 and 56: FM 42-414 Theater Army. The TA prov
Page 57 and 58: FM 42-414 • Coordinates with supp
Page 59 and 60: FM 42-414 Laundry NCO. The laundry
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Page 65 and 66: FM 42-414 Layout and Setup of SLCR
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FM 42-414 3-18 Figure 3-6. Shower l
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FM 42-414 • Consolidate SLCR sect
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FM 42-414 COMMUNICATIONS Refer to C
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FM 42-414 drainage ditches are loca
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FM 42-414 3-26 CAUTION The exhaust
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FM 42-414 peak lows. If water has t
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FM 42-414 • After operations -- 3
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FM 42-414 • During operations --
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FM 42-414 • Each soldier brings a
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FM 42-414 dismantle the delousing e
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FM 42-414 3-38 Figure 3-12. Areas f
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FM 42-414 Disposal of Contaminated
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FM 42-414 repair service will be ex
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FM 42-414 3-44 Figure 3-14. Sample
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FM 42-414 3-46 Figure 3-15. Sample
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FM 42-414 the items have been recei
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FM 42-414 3-50 •• Data to help
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FM 42-414 3-52 Repair (Minutes) Sew
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FM 42-414 SHOWER INITIATIVES 4-2 Se
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FM 42-414 4-4 Table 4-1. Principles
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FM 42-414 A-3. ENDING A-2 g. Traini
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FM 42-414 Crew actions when observi
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FM 42-414 B-4 Fratricide Reduction
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FM 42-414 Table B-2. Format for fra
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APPENDIX C MISSION-KILL OPERATIONAL
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Chemical FM 42-414 Chemical mission
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Uses of Mission-Kill Weapons FM 42-
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Operational Disadvantages of Missio
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FM 42-414 assist him in gathering i
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FM 42-414 Formula II. In Table E-2
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FM 42-414 the organic chelating age
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FM 42-414 Formula X. In Table E-10
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FM 42-414 Formula XII. In Table E-1
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FM 42-414 E-10 Table E-13. Laundry
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APPENDIX G CLOTHING RESIZING FM 42-
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Table G-2. Drawers Length 1/2 Waist
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Table G-9. Skirts Finished Measurem
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Finished Measurements (in) Sleeve B
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FM 42-414 H-2 Table H-2. Commercial
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FM 42-414 assured communications Th
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FM 42-414 Cryptosecurity The compon
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FM 42-414 economy of forces The jud
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FM 42-414 HCP health and comfort pa
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FM 42-414 military support to civil
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FM 42-414 POC point of contact POL
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FM 42-414 S1 Personnel Administrati
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FM 42-414 supply discipline Command
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FM 42-414 UGRs unitized group ratio
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FM 42-414 TOE 42446L. Headquarters
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FM 42-414 2886. Laundry List for Mi
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FM 42-414 FM 6-20. Fire Support in
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FM 42-414 FM 25-4. How to Conduct T
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FM 42-414 Medical Bulletin 577. Occ
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FM 42-414 TM 10-8340-211-13. Operat
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FM 42-414 U.S. Airforce Technical O
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FM 42-414 FM 63-20. Forward Support
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FM 42-414 decontamination support,
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FM 42-414 offensive measures, 1-18
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FM 42-414 Index-6 S/L supplements,
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By Order of the Secretary of the Ar
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