PALESTINIAN SOCIETY - Fafo

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tive of social background. Religiosity is the on ly variable showing a significant correlation with the degree of smoking among men. 60% of men with secular attitudes and behaviour smoke, while only 40% ofthose who are religiously active and express religious attitudes (see chapter 9) do. The differing smoking habits of Palestinian men and women are striking, deviating radically from the much smaller differences found in European studies (Schuval, 1992). In Sweden, 24% of the men and 28% of the women aged 15 years or older were smokers in 1986. In Italy, the rates were46% for men and 18% forwomen in 1983. Table 4 7 Smoking , per cent Men Women Men Women (1214) (1225) (1214) (1225) Total(2439) 25 47 3 Wealth Age 0-30% 51 2 15-19 16 - 31-66% 46 2 20-39 56 3 67-100% 46 4 40-59 53 4 Years of Education 60+ 36 - O 43 - Main region 1-6 53 3 Gaza 47 - 7-9 48 3 West Bank 46 3 10-12 42 - Arab Jerusalem 54 9 13+ 50 - Region Labour Force Greater Gaza City 47 O Full time employed 49 - Gaza townlviIIage 46 O Part time employed 51 - Gaza Camp 49 - Temporarily absent 57 O WB town 52 6 Unemployed 61 . WB viliages 44 - Not in labour force 33 2 WB camp 40 - Religiousity Arab Jerusalem 54 9 Secular 60 2 Camp status Observant 45 2 Gaza ex camps 47 O Activist 40 - WB ex camps 47 3 Degree of distress Arab Jerusalem 56 9 High 56 5 Camps 46 - Moderate 48 1 - = less than 10 persons No symptoms 37 - 110 I -
Smoking is the sole risk factor covered in the questionnaire. Alcohol and drug consumption are sensitive topics in all societies, and even more so in Islamic communities. It would have been difficult to get valid data on these topics with the method employed in the FAFO study. Utilization of Health Services Health Personnei and Institutions A vast majority of those who are acutely ill or injured use health services (tables 4:8). 89% consult a doctorduring illness, meaning that as much as 23% of the total study population have consulted a doctor during the laSt month before the interviews took place. 22% of those who rep()rted to be ill orin jured consulted a nurse or a pharmacist, 12% consulted a traditional healer and 14% treated themselves (table 4.9). These alternatives are not mutually exclusive. The consultations took place at private clinics in 45% ofthecases,atUNRW Aclinics in 16%, at government clinics or hospitals in 14%, and at charitable clinics or hospitals in 10% (question 207) of the cases. Less than 1 % say that they have been ill withoutconsultingmedical personnel at all, and very few state expenditures as the reason for not doing so. The results show a very close connection between what people perceive as illness and injury and the actual use of medical services. Academic medicine - doctbrs, nurses, etc - dominates, just as it generally does in industrialized countries. Traditional healers are only contacted by about l in 10 (12%) of those who perceive themselves as being ill, and most of these people also contact a physician. Israeli Jews normally have very high rates of utilization of primary health care services (Schuval, 1992). According to data from the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel, Central Bureau of Statistics, 1988), anaverage memberoftheJewish populationin Israel visits a physician about 10 times per year, while amongst the non-Jewish population each person goes to see a physician about 3 times per year on average. In the occupied territories, the rate of visits to physicians is 6 per adult per year, according to the FAFO survey. Because of differences in demographic composition and health care systems, one should be wary of direct comparisons between countries. It is still interesting to note that data from the United States (US Department of Health and Human Services, 1989) shows rates for selected western countries varying between 2.4 in Portugal and 2.7 111
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Marianne Heiberg and Geir Øvensen
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© Fagbevegelsens senter for forskn
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Chapter 4 Health ..................
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Preface The history of the FAFO liv
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future analyses. We look forward to
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Gaza, colonel Zacharias Backer, gav
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tive effects of economic growth, su
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Demographics: The size and composit
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cally different. For example, Israe
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Interested readers should consult t
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of ten look at their situation in m
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The Fragmentation of Palestinian So
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dunums would be used for subsistenc
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Whole village communities, as well
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planning, the transfer of land acqu
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eginning of 1993. It continues to a
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4 The data in this section is deri
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Chapter 2 Population Characteristic
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British Mandate of Palestine as its
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Table 2.1 Head of household'sfather
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Gaza West Bank centers which remain
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In the present study the Gaza Strip
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egional pyramids can be compared to
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West Bank variations by refugee sta
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Infant and Child Mortality The rest
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ever bom (CEB) and children survivi
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Age Structure The data set represen
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fallirig outside this interval may
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second and the third groups with we
Page 61 and 62: q(S) durmg the last fIfteen years,
Page 63 and 64: Concluding Remarks The Brass method
Page 65 and 66: 50 years at the time of the intervi
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Page 69 and 70: The projections are based on extens
Page 71 and 72: Mortality u sing F ALCOT 92 results
Page 73 and 74: Table 2.15 Assumed age structure of
Page 75 and 76: distribution in three broad age gro
Page 77 and 78: 64. The weakest growth is expected
Page 79 and 80: Shahin et al. (1989), A Baseline De
Page 81 and 82: 17 Statistical abstract of Israel 1
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 3 Housing Marianne Heiberg
Page 85 and 86: ecome underdeveloped due to c1osure
Page 87 and 88: Table 3.4 Mean squnre meters per ho
Page 89 and 90: ed households. The survey figures f
Page 91 and 92: With regard to heating, in Arab Jer
Page 93 and 94: shift, reflecting increased prosper
Page 95 and 96: Survey data on fonns of ownership i
Page 97 and 98: injured, the fewest injuries occurr
Page 99: Gaza camps and West Bank camps woul
Page 102 and 103: All individuals in the sample were
Page 104 and 105: 14 days. The survey included childr
Page 106 and 107: oth of which are characterized by a
Page 108 and 109: Variations in Rates and Patterns of
Page 110 and 111: The rate of acute and chronic illne
Page 114 and 115: in Sweden, and 7.4 in Belgium and 1
Page 116 and 117: provide family planning assistance.
Page 118 and 119: given assistance in private cIinics
Page 120 and 121: up to 44% among those above 60 year
Page 122 and 123: Protective Factors Stress tolerance
Page 124 and 125: on the frequencies and distribu- Ta
Page 126 and 127: high degree of distress increases o
Page 128 and 129: About I out of 3 respond- Table 4.1
Page 130 and 131: The second question needs further a
Page 132 and 133: References Feachem RGA. et al. The
Page 134 and 135: education to the world outside laea
Page 136 and 137: in a subsequent chapter which deals
Page 138 and 139: y literacy, but is not the equivale
Page 140 and 141: It is widely believed that UNRWA an
Page 142 and 143: Reversely, for those in the bot- Ta
Page 144 and 145: Religious observance is affected by
Page 146 and 147: life - the family, the neighbourhoo
Page 148 and 149: For men and women there seems to be
Page 150 and 151: The increased propensity, associate
Page 152 and 153: determine whether or not women are
Page 154 and 155: wear Western forms of dress (table
Page 156 and 157: tributes of gen der and age in affe
Page 158 and 159: political institutions recognized b
Page 160 and 161: The lower the level of a household'
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In contrast to most developing coun
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Religious affiliation was considere
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etween household weaIth and Head of
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Recent Development of Household Inc
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Figure 6.9 shows thatchanges in hou
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In Arab Jerusalem, one out of five
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income as their only type of in com
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survey. Capital income in the occup
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e said roughly to be associated wit
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As to recentdevelopments in househo
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180
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Labour Force Definitions For measur
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countries. Casual work, unpaid work
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to some extent may be explained by
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tive economic acti vities has been
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The firsteffect(whichresembles Figu
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employment. Invisible underemployme
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hold full-time jobs. Figure 7.9 iII
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older and weU educated persons than
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entry into Israel. 2) Cultural fact
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workers having had only one job dro
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Figure 7.20 shows that the north- F
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tendency to the opposite effect. Mo
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occupied territories employed in Is
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) "activities which do not generate
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tus, and the relatively high rate o
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In conclusion, when engaging in inc
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the total economy' s production of
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where income appears at the timeof
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48 There is no correlation between
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220
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There is, however, little common ag
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occupational prestige categories, o
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opposed to the status categorizatio
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The distribution is grouped into fo
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of their male counterparts, and may
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access to financial support (e.g. N
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economic trends, invoking il greate
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taken individually, dose to half of
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The Role of the Family Based on the
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etween the two extreme categories o
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can be observed. With the emergence
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etween different social groups with
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ackground characteristics. All coef
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248
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eal views in a formally constructed
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These points are further illustrate
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girls far below the age of puberty
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to each other, but the social messa
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played out in the work plaee, an ar
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efugees, regardless of whether they
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Education also seems to impact on t
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While disparities in religious Tabl
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Political Attitudes Because politic
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Islam might be less, survey results
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the trend toward increasing prefere
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premise is that the individual owes
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women seems not to be affected by a
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occupied territories into advanced
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The single most embittered sector o
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answer" category is higher since ma
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generation, Palestinian society als
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frarne. Within the questionnaire, m
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ideology that refuses to recognize
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divoreed. On the other hand, 7% of
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64 women at ages 43-47. These facto
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Preferred Marriage Age As mentioned
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Here it becomes dear that Table lO.
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to seIl. Because of a low sample si
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differences: the differences in jew
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high numbers of young Table 10.13 C
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within, between and outside of thei
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Another interesting point in Table
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association with the tradition of i
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and, in the West Bank, the strong d
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professional work. In other words,
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312
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would be involved, this was conside
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the various sampling stages Table A
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that this particular feature might
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Multi-household housing units frequ
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Sample Allocation In this section t
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i.e. the sum of sample households o
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Selection of Sample PS Us (1st stag
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Raving thus determined the househol
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4 Arab Jerusalem Sample Design The
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1983 map (other statistical maps ha
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technical character, mathematical f
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By successively inserting the vario
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within the con text of inclusion pr
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Proceeding one step furtherthe stra
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ecomes less uncertain, the assessme
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Non-response is generally the most
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Appendix B Recruitment, Training an
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were approached and the purpose and
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dealing with opinions without subco
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which person was chosen as the rand
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standards. A workable compromise wa
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of the legal ranges were checked bo
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358
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A2.2 Distribution of population by
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A2.4 Age distribution by religion a
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A2.6 Household composition by regio
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A2.8 Household composition m occupi
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A2.10 Percent of households in whic
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A6.2 Household wealth by household
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A6.4 Householdwealth in Gaza and th
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A6.6 Householdweekly meat consumpti
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A6.8 Percent of households eaming l
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A6. JO Head of Household labour inc
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A6. 12 Household income types in Ga
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A6. 14 Distribution ofhousehold inc
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the CBS survey is primarily conceme
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ent both on the definition of "unem
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Table A. 7.3 Labour force participa
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Table A. 7.4 Unemployed persons as
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Table A.7.5 "Discouraged" workers a
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Table A.7.6 (Continued) Full-time a
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Table A. 7.8 Labourforce members by
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Table A. 7. JO Male labour fo rce m
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Table A. 7. 12 Comparative composit
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Table A.7.J3 (Continued) Main emplo
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Table A. 7. 15 Distribution of labo
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Table A.l.Il Main employment of lab
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Table A. 7. 19 Main employment of l
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Table A. 7.20 Main employment of la
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Table A. 7. 22 Comparative composit
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Table A. 7.24 Labourforce members b
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Table A. 7. 26 Labour force members
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Table A. 7.28 Weekly time use for w
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PALESTINIAN SOCIETY in Gaza, West B
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PALESTINIAN SOCIETY - Fafo

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