PALESTINIAN SOCIETY - Fafo

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Fertility Introduction The Palestinian population in the occupied territories is characterized by a very high birth rate. The Israeli CBS (1992) reports a birth rate of 46.5 per 1000 population for the West Bank and 56. 1 for the Gaza Strip during 1991,24 Moreover, the FALCOT 92 results on age structure show that more than 45 % of the population is younger than 15 years of age. The pattem of annual births reported by ICBS for the years 1968-1991 shows no specific decIine in the birth rate during the 1970s and early 1980s. It suggests, on the other hand, arising birth rate since the outbreak of Intifada. As for the total fertility rate (TFR), Israeli published results show a rise in the TFR during the 1970s and a pattem of decIine later on (ICBS, 1987). These estimates are provided for the period 1968 - 1984. For more recent years we have not been able to locate any published results on TFR and age specific fertility rates (ASFR). Moreover, the ICBS annual publication on population dynamics cannot be used in its present format to estimate these indicators. Fertility indicators for the occupied territories have not been estimated by any independent source so far. The only exception is UNICEF JFPPA (1992).25 Being a major determinant of trends in family and future population size, the lack of reliable fertility estimates seems distiIrbing. In this section, we use data on children ever bom (CEB), cIassified by age of mother orduration of mother' s marriage, to estimate various fertility measures. Summary Statisties of FALCOT 92 Input Data A total of 1219 women were interviewed, excIuding those with missing information on data needed for this section. Of those females who completed the interview, 830 (68.1 %) reported being ever married (EMW). These 830 women have given birth to 4724 living children (2470 boys and 2254 girIs, with a sex ratio of 1.10, which indicates a small over-reporting of boys - or under-reporting of girls - as the sex ratio at birth is usually between 1.02 and 1.06). Women who were less than 62
50 years at the time of the interview had bome 4,8 children on average, with a maximum of 17 births, which indicates high fertility among Palestinian women of child-bearing age. The mean age of child-bearing is estimated at 26.4 years in the infant mortality section. The period total fertility rate is a synthetie measure of completed family size. Since TFR combines the current fertil it y experience of females 15-49 years, it can be interpreted as a hypothetical measure of completed cohort fertility. Period TFR estimates for the population in the occupied territories have not been published for the last 8 years.26 Data needed for direct estimation of this measure using birth registration records are not available for Palestinians since they are controlled solely by Israel. Two methods were used to estimate the TFR from children ever bom. The first method (the PIF Ratio Method) uses data on CEB c1assified by age of the women and the number of births in the year preceding the survey. The second method (the PIP* Ratio Method) uses data on CEB c1assified by duration of marriage of the women. Both methods compare lifetime with current fertil it y and adjusts for typical errors, like omissions of children who died a long time ago. Current fertility may be distorted by a misperception of the length of the period preceding the survey, or in our case, by assumptions about the number of births in the year preceding the survey based on marriages with ane or more children ever bom. If the data on current fertil it y is roughly constant with respect to age, the age pattem of current fertil it y can be accepted as correct although its level may be distorted (UN 1983: 31). Table 2.11: Number of children ever bom and estimated number of children bom during the year preceding the survey. Number of Average Births in the Group number Age Group women Children Ever Barn (CEB) Both sexes Females Panty past year 1 15·19 258 34.46 18.93 0.13 12.86 2 20-24 184 232.77 115.10 1.27 31.56 3 25-29 179 459.26 185.50 2.57 44.76 4 30-34 128 624.08 274.89 4.88 15.85 5 35-39 90 500.60 269.10 5.56 7.73 6 40-44 84 520.84 248.35 6.20 0.65 7 45-49 72 629.96 304.67 8.75 . 4.22 Total 995 3001.97 1416.54 . 3.02 117.63 63
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Marianne Heiberg and Geir Øvensen
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© Fagbevegelsens senter for forskn
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Chapter 4 Health ..................
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Preface The history of the FAFO liv
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future analyses. We look forward to
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Gaza, colonel Zacharias Backer, gav
Page 14 and 15: tive effects of economic growth, su
Page 16 and 17: Demographics: The size and composit
Page 18 and 19: cally different. For example, Israe
Page 20 and 21: Interested readers should consult t
Page 22 and 23: of ten look at their situation in m
Page 24 and 25: The Fragmentation of Palestinian So
Page 26 and 27: dunums would be used for subsistenc
Page 28 and 29: Whole village communities, as well
Page 30 and 31: planning, the transfer of land acqu
Page 32 and 33: eginning of 1993. It continues to a
Page 34 and 35: 4 The data in this section is deri
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 2 Population Characteristic
Page 39 and 40: British Mandate of Palestine as its
Page 41 and 42: Table 2.1 Head of household'sfather
Page 43 and 44: Gaza West Bank centers which remain
Page 45 and 46: In the present study the Gaza Strip
Page 47 and 48: egional pyramids can be compared to
Page 49 and 50: West Bank variations by refugee sta
Page 51 and 52: Infant and Child Mortality The rest
Page 53 and 54: ever bom (CEB) and children survivi
Page 55 and 56: Age Structure The data set represen
Page 57 and 58: fallirig outside this interval may
Page 59 and 60: second and the third groups with we
Page 61 and 62: q(S) durmg the last fIfteen years,
Page 63: Concluding Remarks The Brass method
Page 67 and 68: in the value for the age group 25-2
Page 69 and 70: The projections are based on extens
Page 71 and 72: Mortality u sing F ALCOT 92 results
Page 73 and 74: Table 2.15 Assumed age structure of
Page 75 and 76: distribution in three broad age gro
Page 77 and 78: 64. The weakest growth is expected
Page 79 and 80: Shahin et al. (1989), A Baseline De
Page 81 and 82: 17 Statistical abstract of Israel 1
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 3 Housing Marianne Heiberg
Page 85 and 86: ecome underdeveloped due to c1osure
Page 87 and 88: Table 3.4 Mean squnre meters per ho
Page 89 and 90: ed households. The survey figures f
Page 91 and 92: With regard to heating, in Arab Jer
Page 93 and 94: shift, reflecting increased prosper
Page 95 and 96: Survey data on fonns of ownership i
Page 97 and 98: injured, the fewest injuries occurr
Page 99: Gaza camps and West Bank camps woul
Page 102 and 103: All individuals in the sample were
Page 104 and 105: 14 days. The survey included childr
Page 106 and 107: oth of which are characterized by a
Page 108 and 109: Variations in Rates and Patterns of
Page 110 and 111: The rate of acute and chronic illne
Page 112 and 113: tive of social background. Religios
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in Sweden, and 7.4 in Belgium and 1
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provide family planning assistance.
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given assistance in private cIinics
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up to 44% among those above 60 year
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Protective Factors Stress tolerance
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on the frequencies and distribu- Ta
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high degree of distress increases o
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About I out of 3 respond- Table 4.1
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The second question needs further a
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References Feachem RGA. et al. The
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education to the world outside laea
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in a subsequent chapter which deals
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y literacy, but is not the equivale
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It is widely believed that UNRWA an
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Reversely, for those in the bot- Ta
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Religious observance is affected by
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life - the family, the neighbourhoo
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For men and women there seems to be
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The increased propensity, associate
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determine whether or not women are
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wear Western forms of dress (table
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tributes of gen der and age in affe
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political institutions recognized b
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The lower the level of a household'
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In contrast to most developing coun
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Religious affiliation was considere
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etween household weaIth and Head of
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Recent Development of Household Inc
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Figure 6.9 shows thatchanges in hou
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In Arab Jerusalem, one out of five
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income as their only type of in com
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survey. Capital income in the occup
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e said roughly to be associated wit
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As to recentdevelopments in househo
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180
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Labour Force Definitions For measur
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countries. Casual work, unpaid work
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to some extent may be explained by
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tive economic acti vities has been
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The firsteffect(whichresembles Figu
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employment. Invisible underemployme
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hold full-time jobs. Figure 7.9 iII
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older and weU educated persons than
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entry into Israel. 2) Cultural fact
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workers having had only one job dro
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Figure 7.20 shows that the north- F
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tendency to the opposite effect. Mo
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occupied territories employed in Is
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) "activities which do not generate
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tus, and the relatively high rate o
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In conclusion, when engaging in inc
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the total economy' s production of
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where income appears at the timeof
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48 There is no correlation between
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220
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There is, however, little common ag
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occupational prestige categories, o
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opposed to the status categorizatio
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The distribution is grouped into fo
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of their male counterparts, and may
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access to financial support (e.g. N
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economic trends, invoking il greate
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taken individually, dose to half of
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The Role of the Family Based on the
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etween the two extreme categories o
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can be observed. With the emergence
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etween different social groups with
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ackground characteristics. All coef
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248
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eal views in a formally constructed
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These points are further illustrate
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girls far below the age of puberty
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to each other, but the social messa
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played out in the work plaee, an ar
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efugees, regardless of whether they
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Education also seems to impact on t
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While disparities in religious Tabl
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Political Attitudes Because politic
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Islam might be less, survey results
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the trend toward increasing prefere
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premise is that the individual owes
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women seems not to be affected by a
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occupied territories into advanced
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The single most embittered sector o
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answer" category is higher since ma
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generation, Palestinian society als
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frarne. Within the questionnaire, m
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ideology that refuses to recognize
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divoreed. On the other hand, 7% of
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64 women at ages 43-47. These facto
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Preferred Marriage Age As mentioned
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Here it becomes dear that Table lO.
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to seIl. Because of a low sample si
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differences: the differences in jew
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high numbers of young Table 10.13 C
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within, between and outside of thei
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Another interesting point in Table
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association with the tradition of i
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and, in the West Bank, the strong d
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professional work. In other words,
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312
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would be involved, this was conside
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the various sampling stages Table A
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that this particular feature might
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Multi-household housing units frequ
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Sample Allocation In this section t
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i.e. the sum of sample households o
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Selection of Sample PS Us (1st stag
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Raving thus determined the househol
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4 Arab Jerusalem Sample Design The
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1983 map (other statistical maps ha
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technical character, mathematical f
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By successively inserting the vario
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within the con text of inclusion pr
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Proceeding one step furtherthe stra
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ecomes less uncertain, the assessme
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Non-response is generally the most
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Appendix B Recruitment, Training an
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were approached and the purpose and
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dealing with opinions without subco
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which person was chosen as the rand
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standards. A workable compromise wa
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of the legal ranges were checked bo
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358
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A2.2 Distribution of population by
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A2.4 Age distribution by religion a
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A2.6 Household composition by regio
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A2.8 Household composition m occupi
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A2.10 Percent of households in whic
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A6.2 Household wealth by household
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A6.4 Householdwealth in Gaza and th
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A6.6 Householdweekly meat consumpti
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A6.8 Percent of households eaming l
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A6. JO Head of Household labour inc
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A6. 12 Household income types in Ga
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A6. 14 Distribution ofhousehold inc
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the CBS survey is primarily conceme
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ent both on the definition of "unem
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Table A. 7.3 Labour force participa
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Table A. 7.4 Unemployed persons as
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Table A.7.5 "Discouraged" workers a
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Table A.7.6 (Continued) Full-time a
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Table A. 7.8 Labourforce members by
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Table A. 7. JO Male labour fo rce m
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Table A. 7. 12 Comparative composit
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Table A.7.J3 (Continued) Main emplo
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Table A. 7. 15 Distribution of labo
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Table A.l.Il Main employment of lab
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Table A. 7. 19 Main employment of l
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Table A. 7.20 Main employment of la
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Table A. 7. 22 Comparative composit
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Table A. 7.24 Labourforce members b
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Table A. 7. 26 Labour force members
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Table A. 7.28 Weekly time use for w
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PALESTINIAN SOCIETY in Gaza, West B
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