PALESTINIAN SOCIETY - Fafo

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given assistance in private cIinics, and a low, but not surprising per centage (18%) by governmental health services - the majority of primary health care services in 1992 were provided by the Palestinian non-governmental and private sector -, and that 5% were given assistance at charitable societies, 13% in hospital (probably referral), 1 % through committee services and the rest at home. An attempt to identify those who seek pre-natal care in private practice reveals no correlation to age, education or wealth status. However, 51 % of the women in urban areas, 48% in viIIages and 32% in camps seek private services for pre-natal care. Likewise, 27% of the women in the Gaza Strip, 43% of the women from the central area of the West Bank, 71 % of the women from the north and a very high 88% of the women from the south of the West Bank seek private practice for pre-natal care. Those who seek private carediffer liUle from those who do not as to regularity - three visits or more. This analysis does suggest that financial considerations do not actually determine where care is sought. The primary determinant of where to seek c are appears to be accessibility related to distance from domicile. To summarize: First, the use of regular pre-natal care is influenced by education. The more educated the woman, the more likely that she will receive regular care. Second, regular pre-natal care is in part contingent upon area of residence. Vill age women and women from the south of the West Bank have a drawback, reflecting the overall skewed distribution ofhealth services in the occupied territories. Geographical distance cIearly affects women' s wiIlingness to seek regular care during pregnancy. Third, and supporting this argument, pre-natal care in private practice is not associated with age, education or family wealth status, but rather with residence. Urban women seek private care to a greater extent than other women, as most of the private practitioners are found in urban areas. Gaza Strip women use private care less than others, reflecting the readily accessible and regular services provided by UNRWA. These results combined thus support the notion that when a system of adequate pre-natal care is available, women are in fact likely to utilize such services. Otherwise, they may skip medie al follow-up. 116
Health Insurance All respondents have been asked if they are covered by Health Insurance. Government health insurance covers expenses connected to the utilization of government health services (IGHS) (Israel Ministry of Health, 1992). Government health services are not available in all districts in the occupied territories (Barghouti and Daibes, 1990, 1991a, 1991b, 1991c). Refugees are coveredthrough the UNRWA system. Relatively many refugees report having health insurance, and they probably mean government health insurance. Only 30% of the total population are covered by health insurance, that is, 33% of the men and 27% of the women. Amongyoung people (15-19 years) the rate is 23%. The rate increases gradually Table 4. 11 Health insurance coverage rates. Per cent (respondents ). Respondents Percent Respondents Percent All 2440 30 Refugee status Age Non-refugee 1359 26 15-19 373 23 Urban camp 319 24 20-39 1244 25 Rural camp 77 37 40-59 5269 40 Refugee, not camp 644 41 60+ 297 44 Camp status Sex Gaza, ex. camps 646 27 Men 1214 32 WB ex camps 916 28 Women 1226 27 Arab Jerusalem 478 49 Main region Camps 400 27 Gaza 959 26 Wealth West Bank 1004 29 0-30% 740 25 Arab Jerusalem 477 50 31-66% 872 27 Region 67-100% 827 37 Greater Gaza City 313 37 Employment " Gaza townlvillage 332 19 Full time 43 Gaza Camp 313 24 Part time 25 WB town 399 29 Tempor.absent 36 WB villages 517 28 Unemployed 19 WB camp 87 34 Not in labour force 27 Arab Jerusalem 478 49 117
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Marianne Heiberg and Geir Øvensen
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© Fagbevegelsens senter for forskn
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Chapter 4 Health ..................
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Preface The history of the FAFO liv
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future analyses. We look forward to
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Gaza, colonel Zacharias Backer, gav
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tive effects of economic growth, su
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Demographics: The size and composit
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cally different. For example, Israe
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Interested readers should consult t
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of ten look at their situation in m
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The Fragmentation of Palestinian So
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dunums would be used for subsistenc
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Whole village communities, as well
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planning, the transfer of land acqu
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eginning of 1993. It continues to a
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4 The data in this section is deri
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Chapter 2 Population Characteristic
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British Mandate of Palestine as its
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Table 2.1 Head of household'sfather
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Gaza West Bank centers which remain
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In the present study the Gaza Strip
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egional pyramids can be compared to
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West Bank variations by refugee sta
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Infant and Child Mortality The rest
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ever bom (CEB) and children survivi
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Age Structure The data set represen
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fallirig outside this interval may
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second and the third groups with we
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q(S) durmg the last fIfteen years,
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Concluding Remarks The Brass method
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50 years at the time of the intervi
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Page 69 and 70: The projections are based on extens
Page 71 and 72: Mortality u sing F ALCOT 92 results
Page 73 and 74: Table 2.15 Assumed age structure of
Page 75 and 76: distribution in three broad age gro
Page 77 and 78: 64. The weakest growth is expected
Page 79 and 80: Shahin et al. (1989), A Baseline De
Page 81 and 82: 17 Statistical abstract of Israel 1
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 3 Housing Marianne Heiberg
Page 85 and 86: ecome underdeveloped due to c1osure
Page 87 and 88: Table 3.4 Mean squnre meters per ho
Page 89 and 90: ed households. The survey figures f
Page 91 and 92: With regard to heating, in Arab Jer
Page 93 and 94: shift, reflecting increased prosper
Page 95 and 96: Survey data on fonns of ownership i
Page 97 and 98: injured, the fewest injuries occurr
Page 99: Gaza camps and West Bank camps woul
Page 102 and 103: All individuals in the sample were
Page 104 and 105: 14 days. The survey included childr
Page 106 and 107: oth of which are characterized by a
Page 108 and 109: Variations in Rates and Patterns of
Page 110 and 111: The rate of acute and chronic illne
Page 112 and 113: tive of social background. Religios
Page 114 and 115: in Sweden, and 7.4 in Belgium and 1
Page 116 and 117: provide family planning assistance.
Page 120 and 121: up to 44% among those above 60 year
Page 122 and 123: Protective Factors Stress tolerance
Page 124 and 125: on the frequencies and distribu- Ta
Page 126 and 127: high degree of distress increases o
Page 128 and 129: About I out of 3 respond- Table 4.1
Page 130 and 131: The second question needs further a
Page 132 and 133: References Feachem RGA. et al. The
Page 134 and 135: education to the world outside laea
Page 136 and 137: in a subsequent chapter which deals
Page 138 and 139: y literacy, but is not the equivale
Page 140 and 141: It is widely believed that UNRWA an
Page 142 and 143: Reversely, for those in the bot- Ta
Page 144 and 145: Religious observance is affected by
Page 146 and 147: life - the family, the neighbourhoo
Page 148 and 149: For men and women there seems to be
Page 150 and 151: The increased propensity, associate
Page 152 and 153: determine whether or not women are
Page 154 and 155: wear Western forms of dress (table
Page 156 and 157: tributes of gen der and age in affe
Page 158 and 159: political institutions recognized b
Page 160 and 161: The lower the level of a household'
Page 162 and 163: In contrast to most developing coun
Page 164 and 165: Religious affiliation was considere
Page 166 and 167: etween household weaIth and Head of
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Recent Development of Household Inc
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Figure 6.9 shows thatchanges in hou
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In Arab Jerusalem, one out of five
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income as their only type of in com
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survey. Capital income in the occup
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e said roughly to be associated wit
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As to recentdevelopments in househo
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180
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Labour Force Definitions For measur
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countries. Casual work, unpaid work
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to some extent may be explained by
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tive economic acti vities has been
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The firsteffect(whichresembles Figu
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employment. Invisible underemployme
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hold full-time jobs. Figure 7.9 iII
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older and weU educated persons than
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entry into Israel. 2) Cultural fact
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workers having had only one job dro
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Figure 7.20 shows that the north- F
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tendency to the opposite effect. Mo
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occupied territories employed in Is
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) "activities which do not generate
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tus, and the relatively high rate o
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In conclusion, when engaging in inc
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the total economy' s production of
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where income appears at the timeof
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48 There is no correlation between
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220
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There is, however, little common ag
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occupational prestige categories, o
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opposed to the status categorizatio
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The distribution is grouped into fo
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of their male counterparts, and may
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access to financial support (e.g. N
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economic trends, invoking il greate
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taken individually, dose to half of
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The Role of the Family Based on the
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etween the two extreme categories o
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can be observed. With the emergence
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etween different social groups with
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ackground characteristics. All coef
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248
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eal views in a formally constructed
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These points are further illustrate
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girls far below the age of puberty
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to each other, but the social messa
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played out in the work plaee, an ar
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efugees, regardless of whether they
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Education also seems to impact on t
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While disparities in religious Tabl
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Political Attitudes Because politic
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Islam might be less, survey results
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the trend toward increasing prefere
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premise is that the individual owes
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women seems not to be affected by a
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occupied territories into advanced
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The single most embittered sector o
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answer" category is higher since ma
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generation, Palestinian society als
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frarne. Within the questionnaire, m
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ideology that refuses to recognize
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divoreed. On the other hand, 7% of
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64 women at ages 43-47. These facto
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Preferred Marriage Age As mentioned
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Here it becomes dear that Table lO.
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to seIl. Because of a low sample si
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differences: the differences in jew
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high numbers of young Table 10.13 C
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within, between and outside of thei
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Another interesting point in Table
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association with the tradition of i
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and, in the West Bank, the strong d
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professional work. In other words,
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312
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would be involved, this was conside
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the various sampling stages Table A
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that this particular feature might
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Multi-household housing units frequ
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Sample Allocation In this section t
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i.e. the sum of sample households o
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Selection of Sample PS Us (1st stag
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Raving thus determined the househol
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4 Arab Jerusalem Sample Design The
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1983 map (other statistical maps ha
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technical character, mathematical f
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By successively inserting the vario
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within the con text of inclusion pr
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Proceeding one step furtherthe stra
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ecomes less uncertain, the assessme
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Non-response is generally the most
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Appendix B Recruitment, Training an
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were approached and the purpose and
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dealing with opinions without subco
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which person was chosen as the rand
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standards. A workable compromise wa
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of the legal ranges were checked bo
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358
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A2.2 Distribution of population by
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A2.4 Age distribution by religion a
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A2.6 Household composition by regio
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A2.8 Household composition m occupi
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A2.10 Percent of households in whic
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A6.2 Household wealth by household
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A6.4 Householdwealth in Gaza and th
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A6.6 Householdweekly meat consumpti
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A6.8 Percent of households eaming l
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A6. JO Head of Household labour inc
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A6. 12 Household income types in Ga
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A6. 14 Distribution ofhousehold inc
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the CBS survey is primarily conceme
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ent both on the definition of "unem
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Table A. 7.3 Labour force participa
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Table A. 7.4 Unemployed persons as
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Table A.7.5 "Discouraged" workers a
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Table A.7.6 (Continued) Full-time a
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Table A. 7.8 Labourforce members by
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Table A. 7. JO Male labour fo rce m
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Table A. 7. 12 Comparative composit
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Table A.7.J3 (Continued) Main emplo
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Table A. 7. 15 Distribution of labo
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Table A.l.Il Main employment of lab
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Table A. 7. 19 Main employment of l
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Table A. 7.20 Main employment of la
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Table A. 7. 22 Comparative composit
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Table A. 7.24 Labourforce members b
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Table A. 7. 26 Labour force members
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Table A. 7.28 Weekly time use for w
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PALESTINIAN SOCIETY in Gaza, West B
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PALESTINIAN SOCIETY - Fafo

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