PALESTINIAN SOCIETY - Fafo

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of ten look at their situation in more positive terms than people in the other regions ( see chapter 4 on Health, Chapter 8 on Social Stratifi cation and Chapter 9 on Attitudes). A possible interpretation of this pattem could be that the more direct and intense experience ofextemal conflict prevalent there may strengthen feelings of shared values and common purpose. Findings and interpretations in this report like those just summa rized, are manifold and sometimes, by necessity, complex. They should therefore be read in the proper context, i.e. in the very chapters they are presented. As an introductory background for an understand ing of the following survey results, a general description ofPalestinian Society is given in the first chapter (Chapter l). Bach subsequent chapter concentrates on specific leve! of Iiving components. Notes I Gudmund Hernes and Knud Knudsen, Lithuania: Living Conditions Oslo: FAFO Report, 1991 p.156. 2 Hernes and Knudsen, op eit, p. 157-8. 3 Richard A. Titmus, Essays on the Welfare State, London: Allenand Unwin, 1958. 4 Ole Fredrik Ugland, unpublished FAFO memo, August 1992. 5 UNDP, Human Development Report 1992, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press p. 12. 6 Ole Fredrik Ugland, op.eit. 20
Chapter 1 The Transformation of Palestinian Society: Fragmentation and Occupation Salim Tamari Introduction The present level of living conditions study is the first contemporary attempt to present a soeial and demographie profile of Palestinian society in order to iso late its dynamic variables for the purpose of analysis, comparison, and soeial planning. The society it describes is one that is dispersed over severaI soeial formations and communities, its fragmentation being the product of successive wars (most notably the war of 1948 and the June war of 1967) with the Israelis. The condition of exile, which has affected more than one half ofPalestinians, has stamped the collectiveconsciousness, cultural trends, as well as the political behaviour ofPalestinians throughout the Middle East and in the diaspora. The purpose of this chapter is to present the socio-historical context of the material diseussed in the survey. The focus is on those segments of Palestinian society which came under Israeli control in 1967. Collectively those segments (with the Galilee) contain the largest global concentration of Palestinians today. Data for 1991 indicate that a full 42% of all Palestinians live in the occupied territories and in Israel (18.6% in the West Bank and Jerusalem, 10.8% in Gaza, and 12.6% in Israe!).1 The bulk of the rest are distributed in Jordan (3 1 .6%), Lebanon (5.7%), Syria (5.2%), and the rest of the Arab world (7.7 % ).2 This pattem of dispersal is particularl y crucial for our analysis in this survey, not on ly because the future of the Palestinians is being determined on part of their historie land in the current peace negotiations, but also because these territories con stitute a historie continuity with Mandatory Palestine of the pre- 1948 period. 21
Page 1: Marianne Heiberg and Geir Øvensen
Page 4 and 5: © Fagbevegelsens senter for forskn
Page 6 and 7: Chapter 4 Health ..................
Page 8 and 9: Preface The history of the FAFO liv
Page 10 and 11: future analyses. We look forward to
Page 12 and 13: Gaza, colonel Zacharias Backer, gav
Page 14 and 15: tive effects of economic growth, su
Page 16 and 17: Demographics: The size and composit
Page 18 and 19: cally different. For example, Israe
Page 20 and 21: Interested readers should consult t
Page 24 and 25: The Fragmentation of Palestinian So
Page 26 and 27: dunums would be used for subsistenc
Page 28 and 29: Whole village communities, as well
Page 30 and 31: planning, the transfer of land acqu
Page 32 and 33: eginning of 1993. It continues to a
Page 34 and 35: 4 The data in this section is deri
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 2 Population Characteristic
Page 39 and 40: British Mandate of Palestine as its
Page 41 and 42: Table 2.1 Head of household'sfather
Page 43 and 44: Gaza West Bank centers which remain
Page 45 and 46: In the present study the Gaza Strip
Page 47 and 48: egional pyramids can be compared to
Page 49 and 50: West Bank variations by refugee sta
Page 51 and 52: Infant and Child Mortality The rest
Page 53 and 54: ever bom (CEB) and children survivi
Page 55 and 56: Age Structure The data set represen
Page 57 and 58: fallirig outside this interval may
Page 59 and 60: second and the third groups with we
Page 61 and 62: q(S) durmg the last fIfteen years,
Page 63 and 64: Concluding Remarks The Brass method
Page 65 and 66: 50 years at the time of the intervi
Page 67 and 68: in the value for the age group 25-2
Page 69 and 70: The projections are based on extens
Page 71 and 72: Mortality u sing F ALCOT 92 results
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Table 2.15 Assumed age structure of
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distribution in three broad age gro
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64. The weakest growth is expected
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Shahin et al. (1989), A Baseline De
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17 Statistical abstract of Israel 1
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Chapter 3 Housing Marianne Heiberg
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ecome underdeveloped due to c1osure
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Table 3.4 Mean squnre meters per ho
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ed households. The survey figures f
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With regard to heating, in Arab Jer
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shift, reflecting increased prosper
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Survey data on fonns of ownership i
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injured, the fewest injuries occurr
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Gaza camps and West Bank camps woul
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All individuals in the sample were
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14 days. The survey included childr
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oth of which are characterized by a
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Variations in Rates and Patterns of
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The rate of acute and chronic illne
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tive of social background. Religios
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in Sweden, and 7.4 in Belgium and 1
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provide family planning assistance.
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given assistance in private cIinics
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up to 44% among those above 60 year
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Protective Factors Stress tolerance
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on the frequencies and distribu- Ta
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high degree of distress increases o
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About I out of 3 respond- Table 4.1
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The second question needs further a
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References Feachem RGA. et al. The
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education to the world outside laea
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in a subsequent chapter which deals
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y literacy, but is not the equivale
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It is widely believed that UNRWA an
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Reversely, for those in the bot- Ta
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Religious observance is affected by
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life - the family, the neighbourhoo
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For men and women there seems to be
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The increased propensity, associate
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determine whether or not women are
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wear Western forms of dress (table
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tributes of gen der and age in affe
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political institutions recognized b
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The lower the level of a household'
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In contrast to most developing coun
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Religious affiliation was considere
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etween household weaIth and Head of
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Recent Development of Household Inc
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Figure 6.9 shows thatchanges in hou
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In Arab Jerusalem, one out of five
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income as their only type of in com
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survey. Capital income in the occup
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e said roughly to be associated wit
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As to recentdevelopments in househo
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180
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Labour Force Definitions For measur
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countries. Casual work, unpaid work
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to some extent may be explained by
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tive economic acti vities has been
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The firsteffect(whichresembles Figu
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employment. Invisible underemployme
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hold full-time jobs. Figure 7.9 iII
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older and weU educated persons than
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entry into Israel. 2) Cultural fact
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workers having had only one job dro
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Figure 7.20 shows that the north- F
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tendency to the opposite effect. Mo
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occupied territories employed in Is
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) "activities which do not generate
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tus, and the relatively high rate o
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In conclusion, when engaging in inc
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the total economy' s production of
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where income appears at the timeof
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48 There is no correlation between
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220
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There is, however, little common ag
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occupational prestige categories, o
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opposed to the status categorizatio
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The distribution is grouped into fo
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of their male counterparts, and may
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access to financial support (e.g. N
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economic trends, invoking il greate
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taken individually, dose to half of
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The Role of the Family Based on the
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etween the two extreme categories o
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can be observed. With the emergence
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etween different social groups with
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ackground characteristics. All coef
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248
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eal views in a formally constructed
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These points are further illustrate
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girls far below the age of puberty
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to each other, but the social messa
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played out in the work plaee, an ar
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efugees, regardless of whether they
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Education also seems to impact on t
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While disparities in religious Tabl
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Political Attitudes Because politic
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Islam might be less, survey results
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the trend toward increasing prefere
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premise is that the individual owes
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women seems not to be affected by a
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occupied territories into advanced
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The single most embittered sector o
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answer" category is higher since ma
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generation, Palestinian society als
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frarne. Within the questionnaire, m
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ideology that refuses to recognize
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divoreed. On the other hand, 7% of
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64 women at ages 43-47. These facto
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Preferred Marriage Age As mentioned
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Here it becomes dear that Table lO.
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to seIl. Because of a low sample si
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differences: the differences in jew
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high numbers of young Table 10.13 C
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within, between and outside of thei
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Another interesting point in Table
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association with the tradition of i
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and, in the West Bank, the strong d
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professional work. In other words,
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312
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would be involved, this was conside
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the various sampling stages Table A
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that this particular feature might
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Multi-household housing units frequ
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Sample Allocation In this section t
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i.e. the sum of sample households o
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Selection of Sample PS Us (1st stag
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Raving thus determined the househol
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4 Arab Jerusalem Sample Design The
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1983 map (other statistical maps ha
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technical character, mathematical f
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By successively inserting the vario
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within the con text of inclusion pr
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Proceeding one step furtherthe stra
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ecomes less uncertain, the assessme
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Non-response is generally the most
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Appendix B Recruitment, Training an
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were approached and the purpose and
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dealing with opinions without subco
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which person was chosen as the rand
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standards. A workable compromise wa
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of the legal ranges were checked bo
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358
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A2.2 Distribution of population by
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A2.4 Age distribution by religion a
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A2.6 Household composition by regio
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A2.8 Household composition m occupi
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A2.10 Percent of households in whic
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A6.2 Household wealth by household
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A6.4 Householdwealth in Gaza and th
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A6.6 Householdweekly meat consumpti
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A6.8 Percent of households eaming l
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A6. JO Head of Household labour inc
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A6. 12 Household income types in Ga
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A6. 14 Distribution ofhousehold inc
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the CBS survey is primarily conceme
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ent both on the definition of "unem
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Table A. 7.3 Labour force participa
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Table A. 7.4 Unemployed persons as
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Table A.7.5 "Discouraged" workers a
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Table A.7.6 (Continued) Full-time a
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Table A. 7.8 Labourforce members by
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Table A. 7. JO Male labour fo rce m
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Table A. 7. 12 Comparative composit
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Table A.7.J3 (Continued) Main emplo
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Table A. 7. 15 Distribution of labo
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Table A.l.Il Main employment of lab
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Table A. 7. 19 Main employment of l
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Table A. 7.20 Main employment of la
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Table A. 7. 22 Comparative composit
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Table A. 7.24 Labourforce members b
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Table A. 7. 26 Labour force members
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Table A. 7.28 Weekly time use for w
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PALESTINIAN SOCIETY in Gaza, West B
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