PALESTINIAN SOCIETY - Fafo

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1,885,070 persons. This estimate differs from the one we have used by 232,300 persons. A relevant question is what the population total would be in year 20 12 if we proceed from the offidal Israeli estimate. This question will be further investigated in a later report. Although it lies outside the scope of this discussion to speculate on the political prospects for the occupied territories in the corning 20 years, the fact that the Palestinian and Israeli sides have been negotiating a settlement since November 1991 cannot be discarded. If negotiations are completed successfully during the course of the next 2-3 years, it is expected that many thousands of displaced Palestinians (as a result of 1967 war, deportations, loss of residence, etc.) will retum to area. This would strongly affect the future population growth. References Abu-Libdeh, H. C. Smith, K. Nabris, M. Shahin (1992). A Survey of Infant And Child Mortality in The WestBankAnd Gaza Strip. UNICEF andJFPPA: Jerusalem. AIIoush, K. and I. Ali (1988). Syrian Arab Republic Infant And Child Mortality Survey. Unicef Office For The Middle East And North Africa. Bennvenisti, M. and S. Khayat. (1988), The West Bank and Gaza Atlas. Jerusalem, West Bank Data Base Project. Jerusalem Biddu Survey (unpublished data); Brass, W. (1964). U ses of Census And Survey Data For The Estimation of Vital Rates. Paper presented for the African seminar on vital statistics. United Nations Document. Coale, Ansley J. and Paul Demeny (1983): "Regional Model Life Tables and Stable Populations." Second edition, with Barbara Vaughan. Academic Press: New York. Dahlan, A.S.M (1987), Population Characteristics and Settlement Changes in the Gaza Strip. Ph.d. Thesis. University of Durham, p. 167. Giacaman, R. (1988). A Profile of Life and Health in Three Palestinian ViIIages. London, Ithaca Press; Government Health Services, The Gaza Strip (1990), Annual Report of Health Statistics. HABITAT (1989). Housing Requirements in the Future Independent Palestinian State: 1987-2007. A Study for the United Nations Center for Human Settlements (HABITAT). ICBS (1987): Projections of Population in Judea, Samaria and Gaza Area Up to 2002. Special Series No. 802. Jerusalem. ICBS (1987). Projections of Population in Judea, Samaria and Gaza Area Up to 2002. Special Series No. 802. Jerusalem. ICBS (1992): Statistical Abstract of Israel. No. 43. Israeli Ministry of Health (1991), Health in Judea, Samaria and Gaza: 1990-1991, Jerusalem. Ministry of Health And Unicef-Jordan (199 1). Jordan EPIICDD And Child Mortality Survey. Amman. NeweIl, C. (1988): Methods And Models in Demography. BeihavenPress: London. 76
Shahin et al. (1989), A Baseline Descriptive Study on Selected Health and Health Related Conditions of Designated Villages in the Hebron Area. Arab College of Medical Professions AI-Bireh. The Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees/Birzeit University Community Health Unit (1988), Ain AI-Dyuk: A Village Health Study; The Union of Palestinian Medical Relief CommitteesIBirzeit University Community Health Unit (1987), Interim report, UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Regional Office and London School of Hygieneand tropical Medicine (1990). Measuring Childhood Mortality: A Guide for Simple Surveys. AI-Ra'i Press: Amman. United Nations (1983): Indirect Techniques for Demographic Estimation. Department of International Social and Economic Affairs. Population Studies No. 81. United Nations: New York. Verrnund, S.H., S.G. Miller, and Cohen, S.P. (1985), Health Status and Health Services in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Institute for Middle East Peace and Development. Zou 'bi, Abdallah AbdelAziz, Ari Poedjastoeti and Mohamed Ayad (1992): "Jordan Population and Health Survey 1990." Department of Statistics and Ministry of Health, Amman, and IRD/Macro International Inc., Columbia, Maryland. Notes l For an extensive presentation of the establishment of the State of Israel, see lan Lustic, "Arabs in the Jewish State", University of Texas Press 1980. 2 The UNRWA definition of "refugee" refers to patrilineal descendants of persons who fled from the area that became the state of Israel in 1948. 3 The "Tri angle" refers to a small, but densely populated area, on the costal plain in the region between Hadera and Haifa. 4 The FAFO living conditions survey has used the official Israeli borders for East Jerusalem when defining main regions. Application of the Israeli borders for Arab Jerusalem are, however, neither intended as a legitimization nor as a recognition of the se borders in a legal sense. The justification for use of the Israeli borders is, on the contrary, their socio-economic impact on the Palestinian population living within them, taking the different legal status between Jerusalem and West Bank residents into account. Towards West Jerusalem, "East Jerusalem" has been defined as Arab neighborhoods eastofthe 1949 Green Line. After the warin 1948, Beit Safafa South remained the only area in West Jerusalem with compact Palestinian settlement. Except for this small area, 95% of the "Non-Jews" in Jerusalem live in the eastern part of the city, Le. in areas covered by the FAFO survey. Since 1967 approximately 120 000 Jews have rnoved into Jewish neighbourhoods in the (geographical) area of "East Jerusalem", (Le. the Jordanian part of Jerusalem prior to 1967). In contrast to the pre-1967 period, the extensive Jewish presenee in East Jerusalem means that the geographical label "East" Jerusalem no longerrefers to a partofthe city exclusively populated by Palestinians. Wehave thus found the label "ArabJerusalem" more appropriate for the Palestinian neighborhoods of the city comprised by the survey. 5 PaIestinian individuals "Palestinian" individuals are defined as all individuals in Gaza, the West Bank and East Jerusalem who are "residents " and not ''Joreigners'', (i.e. "Palestinians). A "resident" is defined as a person who has been permanently living in Gaza, the West Bank or East Jerusalem for at least the past 4 months prior to the interview. People rneeting this criteria are considered residents regardless of whether they hold a formal residency ornot. Persons who have notlived in Gaza, the West Bank or East 77
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Marianne Heiberg and Geir Øvensen
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© Fagbevegelsens senter for forskn
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Chapter 4 Health ..................
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Preface The history of the FAFO liv
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future analyses. We look forward to
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Gaza, colonel Zacharias Backer, gav
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tive effects of economic growth, su
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Demographics: The size and composit
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cally different. For example, Israe
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Interested readers should consult t
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of ten look at their situation in m
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The Fragmentation of Palestinian So
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dunums would be used for subsistenc
Page 28 and 29: Whole village communities, as well
Page 30 and 31: planning, the transfer of land acqu
Page 32 and 33: eginning of 1993. It continues to a
Page 34 and 35: 4 The data in this section is deri
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 2 Population Characteristic
Page 39 and 40: British Mandate of Palestine as its
Page 41 and 42: Table 2.1 Head of household'sfather
Page 43 and 44: Gaza West Bank centers which remain
Page 45 and 46: In the present study the Gaza Strip
Page 47 and 48: egional pyramids can be compared to
Page 49 and 50: West Bank variations by refugee sta
Page 51 and 52: Infant and Child Mortality The rest
Page 53 and 54: ever bom (CEB) and children survivi
Page 55 and 56: Age Structure The data set represen
Page 57 and 58: fallirig outside this interval may
Page 59 and 60: second and the third groups with we
Page 61 and 62: q(S) durmg the last fIfteen years,
Page 63 and 64: Concluding Remarks The Brass method
Page 65 and 66: 50 years at the time of the intervi
Page 67 and 68: in the value for the age group 25-2
Page 69 and 70: The projections are based on extens
Page 71 and 72: Mortality u sing F ALCOT 92 results
Page 73 and 74: Table 2.15 Assumed age structure of
Page 75 and 76: distribution in three broad age gro
Page 77: 64. The weakest growth is expected
Page 81 and 82: 17 Statistical abstract of Israel 1
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 3 Housing Marianne Heiberg
Page 85 and 86: ecome underdeveloped due to c1osure
Page 87 and 88: Table 3.4 Mean squnre meters per ho
Page 89 and 90: ed households. The survey figures f
Page 91 and 92: With regard to heating, in Arab Jer
Page 93 and 94: shift, reflecting increased prosper
Page 95 and 96: Survey data on fonns of ownership i
Page 97 and 98: injured, the fewest injuries occurr
Page 99: Gaza camps and West Bank camps woul
Page 102 and 103: All individuals in the sample were
Page 104 and 105: 14 days. The survey included childr
Page 106 and 107: oth of which are characterized by a
Page 108 and 109: Variations in Rates and Patterns of
Page 110 and 111: The rate of acute and chronic illne
Page 112 and 113: tive of social background. Religios
Page 114 and 115: in Sweden, and 7.4 in Belgium and 1
Page 116 and 117: provide family planning assistance.
Page 118 and 119: given assistance in private cIinics
Page 120 and 121: up to 44% among those above 60 year
Page 122 and 123: Protective Factors Stress tolerance
Page 124 and 125: on the frequencies and distribu- Ta
Page 126 and 127: high degree of distress increases o
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About I out of 3 respond- Table 4.1
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The second question needs further a
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References Feachem RGA. et al. The
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education to the world outside laea
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in a subsequent chapter which deals
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y literacy, but is not the equivale
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It is widely believed that UNRWA an
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Reversely, for those in the bot- Ta
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Religious observance is affected by
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life - the family, the neighbourhoo
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For men and women there seems to be
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The increased propensity, associate
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determine whether or not women are
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wear Western forms of dress (table
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tributes of gen der and age in affe
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political institutions recognized b
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The lower the level of a household'
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In contrast to most developing coun
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Religious affiliation was considere
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etween household weaIth and Head of
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Recent Development of Household Inc
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Figure 6.9 shows thatchanges in hou
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In Arab Jerusalem, one out of five
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income as their only type of in com
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survey. Capital income in the occup
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e said roughly to be associated wit
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As to recentdevelopments in househo
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180
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Labour Force Definitions For measur
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countries. Casual work, unpaid work
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to some extent may be explained by
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tive economic acti vities has been
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The firsteffect(whichresembles Figu
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employment. Invisible underemployme
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hold full-time jobs. Figure 7.9 iII
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older and weU educated persons than
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entry into Israel. 2) Cultural fact
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workers having had only one job dro
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Figure 7.20 shows that the north- F
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tendency to the opposite effect. Mo
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occupied territories employed in Is
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) "activities which do not generate
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tus, and the relatively high rate o
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In conclusion, when engaging in inc
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the total economy' s production of
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where income appears at the timeof
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48 There is no correlation between
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220
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There is, however, little common ag
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occupational prestige categories, o
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opposed to the status categorizatio
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The distribution is grouped into fo
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of their male counterparts, and may
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access to financial support (e.g. N
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economic trends, invoking il greate
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taken individually, dose to half of
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The Role of the Family Based on the
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etween the two extreme categories o
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can be observed. With the emergence
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etween different social groups with
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ackground characteristics. All coef
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248
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eal views in a formally constructed
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These points are further illustrate
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girls far below the age of puberty
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to each other, but the social messa
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played out in the work plaee, an ar
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efugees, regardless of whether they
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Education also seems to impact on t
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While disparities in religious Tabl
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Political Attitudes Because politic
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Islam might be less, survey results
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the trend toward increasing prefere
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premise is that the individual owes
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women seems not to be affected by a
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occupied territories into advanced
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The single most embittered sector o
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answer" category is higher since ma
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generation, Palestinian society als
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frarne. Within the questionnaire, m
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ideology that refuses to recognize
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divoreed. On the other hand, 7% of
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64 women at ages 43-47. These facto
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Preferred Marriage Age As mentioned
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Here it becomes dear that Table lO.
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to seIl. Because of a low sample si
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differences: the differences in jew
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high numbers of young Table 10.13 C
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within, between and outside of thei
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Another interesting point in Table
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association with the tradition of i
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and, in the West Bank, the strong d
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professional work. In other words,
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312
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would be involved, this was conside
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the various sampling stages Table A
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that this particular feature might
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Multi-household housing units frequ
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Sample Allocation In this section t
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i.e. the sum of sample households o
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Selection of Sample PS Us (1st stag
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Raving thus determined the househol
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4 Arab Jerusalem Sample Design The
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1983 map (other statistical maps ha
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technical character, mathematical f
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By successively inserting the vario
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within the con text of inclusion pr
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Proceeding one step furtherthe stra
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ecomes less uncertain, the assessme
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Non-response is generally the most
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Appendix B Recruitment, Training an
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were approached and the purpose and
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dealing with opinions without subco
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which person was chosen as the rand
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standards. A workable compromise wa
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of the legal ranges were checked bo
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358
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A2.2 Distribution of population by
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A2.4 Age distribution by religion a
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A2.6 Household composition by regio
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A2.8 Household composition m occupi
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A2.10 Percent of households in whic
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A6.2 Household wealth by household
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A6.4 Householdwealth in Gaza and th
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A6.6 Householdweekly meat consumpti
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A6.8 Percent of households eaming l
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A6. JO Head of Household labour inc
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A6. 12 Household income types in Ga
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A6. 14 Distribution ofhousehold inc
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the CBS survey is primarily conceme
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ent both on the definition of "unem
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Table A. 7.3 Labour force participa
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Table A. 7.4 Unemployed persons as
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Table A.7.5 "Discouraged" workers a
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Table A.7.6 (Continued) Full-time a
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Table A. 7.8 Labourforce members by
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Table A. 7. JO Male labour fo rce m
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Table A. 7. 12 Comparative composit
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Table A.7.J3 (Continued) Main emplo
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Table A. 7. 15 Distribution of labo
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Table A.l.Il Main employment of lab
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Table A. 7. 19 Main employment of l
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Table A. 7.20 Main employment of la
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Table A. 7. 22 Comparative composit
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Table A. 7.24 Labourforce members b
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Table A. 7. 26 Labour force members
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Table A. 7.28 Weekly time use for w
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PALESTINIAN SOCIETY in Gaza, West B
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