PALESTINIAN SOCIETY - Fafo

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with regard to population dens it y, type of locality, age, gender, religious distribution and household composition. The main aim of the section is to introduce and describe regions and socio-econornic groups that will be used as references in subsequent chapters. Population Density The main demographie feature of the Gaza Strip, physically isolated from the rest of the occupied territories, is a large number of people in a small land area. Gaza comprises less than 6% of the total surface of the occupied territories, but holds 37% of their population. Comprising 93% of the total land area, the West Bank geographically constitutes the bulk of the occupied territories. The West Bank also harbours the majority (55%) of the total population. The last main region covered by the survey, Arab Jerusalem, covers l % of the area, and 8% of the population7• Figure 2.2 shows total and regional 1987 population densities compared to that of Israel. This figure illustrates the fundamental differenee between Gaza and the West Bank with regard to population density. While Arab Jerusalem as a city can be expected to be densely populated, both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank were originally agricultural societies. In spite of an economic transformation through which wage labour gradually has replaced self-subsistence agriculture, large parts of the West Bank still have a rural character. The high population density of the Gaza Strip, on the contrary, has given the area a distinctive urban appearance. Figure 2.2 Comparative 1987 population density Refugees in the occupied territories and Israel As a consequence of the 1948 and r------------------, PERSONS PER SQUARE KM. (to some extent) 1967 wars, two out 3000 of five persons in the occupied ter ritories are UNRWA refugees or descendants of UNRWA refugees. Less than half of the refugees still reside in refugee camps. Refugee camps, which are almost exclusively inhabited by refugees (98%), comprise both "urban" and "rural" camps. Urbanrefugeecampsare mainly situated around those population 40 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 o Gaza West Arab Occupied Israel Bank Jerusalem Te rritories
Gaza West Bank centers which remained under Arab control after the 1947-48 war. Today, most of the urban camps may be characterized as "urban slum areas" due to their physical and socio-economic resemblance to slum areas in other so-called developing countries. Rural refugee camps are situated in rural areas, and offer, in contrast to urban camps, the possibility of some agricultural activity for their inhabitants. Particularly in Gaza, the population composition was dramatically changedas a result of the 1947-48 war. Ahugeinflux of approximately 200 000 refugees tripled the population in the area that came to be known as the Gaza Strip8. The high population dens it y in Gaza is thus to a large extent due to events in 1948. Today, approximately two out of three persons in Gaza are UNRWA refugees. About one out of two refugees live in (mainly urban) refugee camps. The 1947-48 war had much less dramatic effects for the population composition of the West Bank. Today, one out of four persons in the West Bank is an UNRWA refugee, and more than two out of three refugees live outside camps. In Arab Jerusalem the refugee share is approximately the same as for the occupied territories in total9• Figure 2.3 show the distribution of the total population in the occupied territories according to refugee status. Type of Locality In contrast to most developing countries, the occupied territories are marked by a very high degree of urbanization. In total three out of five persons live in urban localities. Largely due Figure 2.3 Distribution of population by to the massive influx of refugees in 1948, rejugee status fouroutoffive persons in the GazaStrip live r;:;iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:-iiiiiiii�_iiiiiiii.--- -1 in urban areas. In the West Bank only two out of five persons live in such urban areas. Greater Gaza City is, by far, the largest urban area in the occupied territories. Greater Arab Jerusalem (Arab Jerusalem and its West Bank suburbs) is the major urban conglomeration in the eastem part of the occupied territories, but comes out only second to Greater Gaza City in populationlO• Perhaps surprising to some observers, the Occupied territories third largest urban area in the occupied territories is constituted by the towns of Khan Y ounis and Rafah and adjacentcamps, 41
Page 1: Marianne Heiberg and Geir Øvensen
Page 4 and 5: © Fagbevegelsens senter for forskn
Page 6 and 7: Chapter 4 Health ..................
Page 8 and 9: Preface The history of the FAFO liv
Page 10 and 11: future analyses. We look forward to
Page 12 and 13: Gaza, colonel Zacharias Backer, gav
Page 14 and 15: tive effects of economic growth, su
Page 16 and 17: Demographics: The size and composit
Page 18 and 19: cally different. For example, Israe
Page 20 and 21: Interested readers should consult t
Page 22 and 23: of ten look at their situation in m
Page 24 and 25: The Fragmentation of Palestinian So
Page 26 and 27: dunums would be used for subsistenc
Page 28 and 29: Whole village communities, as well
Page 30 and 31: planning, the transfer of land acqu
Page 32 and 33: eginning of 1993. It continues to a
Page 34 and 35: 4 The data in this section is deri
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 2 Population Characteristic
Page 39 and 40: British Mandate of Palestine as its
Page 41: Table 2.1 Head of household'sfather
Page 45 and 46: In the present study the Gaza Strip
Page 47 and 48: egional pyramids can be compared to
Page 49 and 50: West Bank variations by refugee sta
Page 51 and 52: Infant and Child Mortality The rest
Page 53 and 54: ever bom (CEB) and children survivi
Page 55 and 56: Age Structure The data set represen
Page 57 and 58: fallirig outside this interval may
Page 59 and 60: second and the third groups with we
Page 61 and 62: q(S) durmg the last fIfteen years,
Page 63 and 64: Concluding Remarks The Brass method
Page 65 and 66: 50 years at the time of the intervi
Page 67 and 68: in the value for the age group 25-2
Page 69 and 70: The projections are based on extens
Page 71 and 72: Mortality u sing F ALCOT 92 results
Page 73 and 74: Table 2.15 Assumed age structure of
Page 75 and 76: distribution in three broad age gro
Page 77 and 78: 64. The weakest growth is expected
Page 79 and 80: Shahin et al. (1989), A Baseline De
Page 81 and 82: 17 Statistical abstract of Israel 1
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 3 Housing Marianne Heiberg
Page 85 and 86: ecome underdeveloped due to c1osure
Page 87 and 88: Table 3.4 Mean squnre meters per ho
Page 89 and 90: ed households. The survey figures f
Page 91 and 92: With regard to heating, in Arab Jer
Page 93 and 94:
shift, reflecting increased prosper
Page 95 and 96:
Survey data on fonns of ownership i
Page 97 and 98:
injured, the fewest injuries occurr
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Gaza camps and West Bank camps woul
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All individuals in the sample were
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14 days. The survey included childr
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oth of which are characterized by a
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Variations in Rates and Patterns of
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The rate of acute and chronic illne
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tive of social background. Religios
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in Sweden, and 7.4 in Belgium and 1
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provide family planning assistance.
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given assistance in private cIinics
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up to 44% among those above 60 year
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Protective Factors Stress tolerance
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on the frequencies and distribu- Ta
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high degree of distress increases o
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About I out of 3 respond- Table 4.1
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The second question needs further a
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References Feachem RGA. et al. The
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education to the world outside laea
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in a subsequent chapter which deals
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y literacy, but is not the equivale
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It is widely believed that UNRWA an
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Reversely, for those in the bot- Ta
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Religious observance is affected by
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life - the family, the neighbourhoo
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For men and women there seems to be
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The increased propensity, associate
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determine whether or not women are
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wear Western forms of dress (table
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tributes of gen der and age in affe
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political institutions recognized b
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The lower the level of a household'
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In contrast to most developing coun
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Religious affiliation was considere
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etween household weaIth and Head of
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Recent Development of Household Inc
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Figure 6.9 shows thatchanges in hou
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In Arab Jerusalem, one out of five
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income as their only type of in com
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survey. Capital income in the occup
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e said roughly to be associated wit
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As to recentdevelopments in househo
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180
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Labour Force Definitions For measur
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countries. Casual work, unpaid work
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to some extent may be explained by
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tive economic acti vities has been
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The firsteffect(whichresembles Figu
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employment. Invisible underemployme
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hold full-time jobs. Figure 7.9 iII
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older and weU educated persons than
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entry into Israel. 2) Cultural fact
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workers having had only one job dro
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Figure 7.20 shows that the north- F
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tendency to the opposite effect. Mo
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occupied territories employed in Is
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) "activities which do not generate
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tus, and the relatively high rate o
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In conclusion, when engaging in inc
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the total economy' s production of
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where income appears at the timeof
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48 There is no correlation between
Page 222 and 223:
220
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There is, however, little common ag
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occupational prestige categories, o
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opposed to the status categorizatio
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The distribution is grouped into fo
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of their male counterparts, and may
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access to financial support (e.g. N
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economic trends, invoking il greate
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taken individually, dose to half of
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The Role of the Family Based on the
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etween the two extreme categories o
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can be observed. With the emergence
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etween different social groups with
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ackground characteristics. All coef
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248
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eal views in a formally constructed
Page 254 and 255:
These points are further illustrate
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girls far below the age of puberty
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to each other, but the social messa
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played out in the work plaee, an ar
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efugees, regardless of whether they
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Education also seems to impact on t
Page 266 and 267:
While disparities in religious Tabl
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Political Attitudes Because politic
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Islam might be less, survey results
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the trend toward increasing prefere
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premise is that the individual owes
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women seems not to be affected by a
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occupied territories into advanced
Page 280 and 281:
The single most embittered sector o
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answer" category is higher since ma
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generation, Palestinian society als
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frarne. Within the questionnaire, m
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ideology that refuses to recognize
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divoreed. On the other hand, 7% of
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64 women at ages 43-47. These facto
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Preferred Marriage Age As mentioned
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Here it becomes dear that Table lO.
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to seIl. Because of a low sample si
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differences: the differences in jew
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high numbers of young Table 10.13 C
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within, between and outside of thei
Page 306 and 307:
Another interesting point in Table
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association with the tradition of i
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and, in the West Bank, the strong d
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professional work. In other words,
Page 314 and 315:
312
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would be involved, this was conside
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the various sampling stages Table A
Page 320 and 321:
that this particular feature might
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Multi-household housing units frequ
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Sample Allocation In this section t
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i.e. the sum of sample households o
Page 328 and 329:
Selection of Sample PS Us (1st stag
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Raving thus determined the househol
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4 Arab Jerusalem Sample Design The
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1983 map (other statistical maps ha
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technical character, mathematical f
Page 338 and 339:
By successively inserting the vario
Page 340 and 341:
within the con text of inclusion pr
Page 342 and 343:
Proceeding one step furtherthe stra
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ecomes less uncertain, the assessme
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Non-response is generally the most
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Appendix B Recruitment, Training an
Page 350 and 351:
were approached and the purpose and
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dealing with opinions without subco
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which person was chosen as the rand
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standards. A workable compromise wa
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of the legal ranges were checked bo
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358
Page 362 and 363:
A2.2 Distribution of population by
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A2.4 Age distribution by religion a
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A2.6 Household composition by regio
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A2.8 Household composition m occupi
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A2.10 Percent of households in whic
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A6.2 Household wealth by household
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A6.4 Householdwealth in Gaza and th
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A6.6 Householdweekly meat consumpti
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A6.8 Percent of households eaming l
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A6. JO Head of Household labour inc
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A6. 12 Household income types in Ga
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A6. 14 Distribution ofhousehold inc
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the CBS survey is primarily conceme
Page 388 and 389:
ent both on the definition of "unem
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Table A. 7.3 Labour force participa
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Table A. 7.4 Unemployed persons as
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Table A.7.5 "Discouraged" workers a
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Table A.7.6 (Continued) Full-time a
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Table A. 7.8 Labourforce members by
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Table A. 7. JO Male labour fo rce m
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Table A. 7. 12 Comparative composit
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Table A.7.J3 (Continued) Main emplo
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Table A. 7. 15 Distribution of labo
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Table A.l.Il Main employment of lab
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Table A. 7. 19 Main employment of l
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Table A. 7.20 Main employment of la
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Table A. 7. 22 Comparative composit
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Table A. 7.24 Labourforce members b
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Table A. 7. 26 Labour force members
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Table A. 7.28 Weekly time use for w
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PALESTINIAN SOCIETY in Gaza, West B
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PALESTINIAN SOCIETY - Fafo

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