Premiers - Outil de Suivi des Contrats

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Annexe IV _____________________________________________ The righting response as a fitness index in freshwater turtles Virginie Delmas, Emmanuelle Baudry, Marc Girondot and Anne-Caroline Prévot-Julliard Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS -UMR 8079, Bât. 362, Université Paris-Sud 91405 Orsay Cedex, France. Running title: Performance and Fitness in Turtles Key words: locomotor performance, righting response, aquatic turtle, experimental conditions Corresponding author: Virginie Delmas Address : Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Bâtiment 362, Université Paris-Sud 91405 Orsay Cedex, France Phone: +33 (0)1 69 15 56 91 Fax: +33 (0)1 69 15 56 96 E-mail: virginie.delmas@ese.u-psud.fr 1
Annexe IV _____________________________________________ ABSTRACT Theoretical evolutionary ecology assumes the existence of fitness variability in natural populations. As realistic measures of fitness are usually difficult to perform directly, integrating fitness indices are proposed in all taxa. In sauropsids, locomotor performances have been proposed as such a good integrating index of fitness in natural populations. Concerning aquatic turtles, a performance trait that may be important for the survival of juveniles is the righting response of individuals when they are placed on their carapace. In this paper, we examined the righting response in juveniles of the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans. We tested two different measures of the righting response for 170 juveniles from constant incubation temperature and for 86 juveniles from three sinusoidal fluctuating incubation temperatures that are considered as more representative of natural conditions in the nest. We compared the effects of offspring sex, maternal identity, juvenile growth rate, and juvenile survival (i.e. individual characteristics), as well as the nutritional status of juveniles (i.e. experimental conditions), on the two different measures of righting response and for each thermal incubation treatments of the eggs (i.e. experimental treatments). Surprisingly, we observed that the effects of the individual characteristics were markedly different between the two measures of the righting response and between experimental treatments. These results point out the importance of the choice of the measure and of the experimental conditions and treatments in the study of a phenotypic trait. Results obtained for only one performance measure under constant laboratory conditions must therefore be extrapolated to the field with cautions. Our results also show that the righting response presents individual variability that is probably heritable and is indirectly correlated with survival. These findings support the validity of the righting response as a good candidate for a fitness index in aquatic turtles. 2
Page 1 and 2:
N° d’ordre : UNIVERSITE PARIS-SU
Page 3 and 4:
Remerciements Je remercie tout d’
Page 5 and 6:
Sommaire __________________________
Page 7 and 8:
Sommaire __________________________
Page 9 and 10:
Introduction ______________________
Page 11 and 12:
Introduction ______________________
Page 13 and 14:
Introduction ______________________
Page 15 and 16:
Introduction ______________________
Page 17 and 18:
Introduction ______________________
Page 19 and 20:
Introduction ______________________
Page 21 and 22:
I - La tortue à tempes rouges, un
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
II - Les tortues à tempes rouges,
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
III - Etudes expérimentales des pr
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Conclusion & Perspectives _________
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 125 and 126:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 127 and 128:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 129 and 130:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 131 and 132:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 133 and 134:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 135 and 136:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 137 and 138:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 139 and 140:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 141 and 142:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 143 and 144:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 145 and 146:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 147 and 148:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 149 and 150:
Bibliographie _____________________
Page 151 and 152:
TABLE DES ANNEXES A. Supplementary
Page 153 and 154:
Annexe A __________________________
Page 155 and 156:
Annexe A __________________________
Page 157 and 158:
Annexe A __________________________
Page 159 and 160:
Annexe A __________________________
Page 161 and 162:
Annexe I __________________________
Page 163 and 164: Annexe I __________________________
Page 165 and 166: Annexe I __________________________
Page 167 and 168: Annexe I __________________________
Page 169 and 170: Annexe I __________________________
Page 171 and 172: ANNEXE II ASSESSMENT OF PATTERNS OF
Page 173 and 174: Annexe II _________________________
Page 181 and 182: Annexe III ________________________
Page 213: ANNEXE IV THE RIGHTING RESPONSE AS
Page 217 and 218: Annexe IV _________________________
Page 243 and 244: TURTLE, AN EXOTIC AND INTRODUCED SP
show all

Premiers - Outil de Suivi des Contrats

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?