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Annexe IV _____________________________________________ Temperature (°C) 34 32 30 A 28 26 24 22 34 32 30 B 28 26 24 22 34 32 30 C 28 26 24 22 34 32 30 D 28 26 24 22 0 2 4 6 8 10 Days Figure 1. Temperature profiles used in laboratory incubation of eggs, described for a 10-days period. These regimes were repeated in loop until hatching, as A: constant incubation regime at 28.9°C; B, C and D: 24-hours fluctuating regimes, respectively defined as 29±3°C, 28.5±5°C and 28.5±1.5°C. 29
TURTLE, AN EXOTIC AND INTRODUCED SPECIES IN FRANCE: FIRST RESULTS CONCERNING THEIR COLONIZING CAPACITIES Abstract ___________________________________________________________________ The red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elagans) is an aquatic species native to North America. Since the early 1970s, thousands of juvenile slider turtles, so-called “dwarf-turtles”, have been sold worldwide as pets. In the European Community, importation of red-eared sliders has been forbidden since 1997. Turtles rapidly became cumbersome when they reached adult size and well-intentioned people released them in natural ponds. Today, in France, this species is observed in many aquatic ecosystems and in all French administrative departments. This species seems to be well acclimated to local conditions and is already designated as an invasive species, without any scientific evidence. During my PhD, I investigated the capacity of red-eared slider turtle populations to establish themselves in French natural environments. Establishment of an introduced species, a key step inherent to the invasion process, underlies that this turtle must be able to successfully breed to enable population turn-over. Particularly, I studied environmental influences, especially the influence of climatic conditions, on different factors that may limit establishment of these introduced populations. Thus, I developed a new mechanistic model to predict sex-ratios of clutches in natural conditions (i.e. the sex of the embryo is influenced by incubation temperature in this turtle species). I also studied, through experimental approaches, the influence of temperature and water potential within the nest on hatching success, incubation length of the eggs and quality of juveniles. My first results showed that the redeared slider turtle might be a good candidate to colonize natural environments in France. However, the pattern of the release of these turtles and their reproduction might be strong barriers to invasion of this species. Key-words: introduced species; biological invasion; red-eared slider; TSD ___________________________________________________________________ Address of laboratory ________________________________________________________________ Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution Département Ecologie des Populations et des Communautés UMR 8079, bât. 362 Université Paris-Sud XI (Orsay) 91405 ORSAY CEDEX
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N° d’ordre : UNIVERSITE PARIS-SU
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Remerciements Je remercie tout d’
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I - La tortue à tempes rouges, un
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II - Les tortues à tempes rouges,
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III - Etudes expérimentales des pr
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TABLE DES ANNEXES A. Supplementary
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ANNEXE II ASSESSMENT OF PATTERNS OF
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