Impaginato 5.p65 - Universitat Rovira i Virgili

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102 Roslyn M. Frank In the case of Hans Trapp he sometimes accompanied a female figure called Christkind, although his role was similar to that of the other dark intruders. Figure 13. Christkind and Hans Trapp in Elsace 1850. Reproduced in Weber-Kellermann (1978: 35). It should be noted that when only one figure appears, e.g., the Pelzmärte or Pelznickel, Hans Trapp or Knecht Ruprecht, 12 he is in charge of distributing both punishments and rewards, although he too strikes fear into the hearts of children (Figures 13 & 14). In this sense, the characteristics associated with these figures correspond more closely with the older profile of this fearsome creature. Figure 14. Franz von Pocci (1807-1876): Der Pelzmärtel, 1846. Reproduced in Weber-Kellermann (1978: 32). 12 For an interesting discussion of Knecht Ruprecht and his European counterparts, cf. http:/ /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companions_of_Saint_Nicholas.
EVIDENCE IN FAVOR OF THE PALAEOLITHIC CONTINUITY REFUGIUM THEORY (PCRT) 103 The menacing nature of the eighteenth and nineteenth century portrayals of the Pelznickel and Knecht Ruprecht provides us with a way to gauge, albeit indirectly, the kind of the discourse employed by adults at that point in time, as they explained to their offspring the dangers of misbehaving: failure to obey could result in a frightening punishment; the child might be stuffed into the sack (or basket) of this night visitor and carried off to meet a horrible fate (Figure 15). Figure. 15. Franz Regi Göz. Knecht Ruprecht 1784. Reproduced in Weber–Kellermann (1978: 32). Moreover, there is every indication that the fur-clad horned creature was even more frightening in times past, as is suggested by representations of his Austrian counterpart, the Krampus. 2.2. Good-luck visits and ritual cleansings In the Mittelmark the name of de hêle Christ («the Holy Christ») is given strangely to a skin- or straw-clad man, elsewhere called Knecht Ruprecht, Klas, or Joseph (Figure 15). In the Ruppin district the man dresses up in white, with ribbons, carries a large pouch, and is called Christmann or Christpuppe. He is accompanied by a Schimmelreiter and a troupe of Feien with blackened faces. 13 13 The Schimmelreiter is a character associated with the rider on a white or dapple horse, while other masked celebrants called Feien appeared attired as women, similar to the Kalends maskers condemned by the early Church. This centaurus-like figure shows up in other parts of Europe and should be considered one of the characters who regularly take part in these «good-luck visits» (cf. Frank in press).
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Page 142 and 143: 142 Num. 4 (dicembre 2008) Joan ARM
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