livro

Ecologia e Meio Ambiente INCT – Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia
INCT – Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia
Ecologia e Meio Ambiente
National Institute of Science and Technology for
Climate Change
based on vegetation models that can consider the influences of fire activity,
Contacts
eco-physiological functional problems.
deforestation and global climate change indicated that the changes in local
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE
• The work on mechanism of toxicological action.
climate (generally to be hotter and dryer) from these combined processes
Avenida dos Astronautas, n° 1758 - Jardim da Granja
• The determination of adaptive changes in basic process (which grant
support transitions to biomes where the vegetation is relatively sparse (ex.
São José dos Campos - São Paulo
suitable fitness under environmental alteration).
Management committee
tropical forest to savanna); however, fertilization from higher CO2 concen-
CEP 12227-010
• The work for providing evidences to understand/predict organism
C. Nobre (Coordinator)
trations could minimize or even compensate for climate change effects on
Tel: (12) 3945-7132
responses to stressing factors (eg. Global warming) and with that built
J. Marengo (Vice-coordinator)
the biomes’ distributions; f) to maintain the stability of the forest, mean
global warming should not surpass 3,5 C and the deforested areas should
E-mail: carlos.nobre@inpe.br
the basis of conservational actions.
Associated Institutions
not be larger than 40%; g) a “Stock-Flow Approach” to the allocation of
Summary of achievements and perspectives
Comando da Aeronáutica; EMBRAPA; FIOCRUZ; Fundação Cearense de REDD (“Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation”)
The INCT-FisC is a net of collaboration to study the huge Brazilian poten-
Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos; FURG; INPA; Instituto Costa Brasilis; benefits in Brazil was proposed; researchers argue it could provide a formal
tial in what concerns to biodiversity and animal models. Our institute
Instituto de Pesca; IPAM; ITEP; Jardim Botânico/RJ; LNCC; Marinha do mechanism by which Amazon states with low rates of deforestation could
works providing structure for a network joining and/or adding interinstitu-
Brasil; Ministério da Saúde/; SIPAM; UEAM; UECE; UENF; UFAC; UFBA; also participate actively in the process of reducing emissions; h) measuretional
effort to accomplish integrated research project which would be out
UFBA; UFCG; UFES; UFES; UFF; UFG; UFJF; UFMG; UFMS; UFPA; UFPB; ments of aerosols released by biomass burning suggest that the radiation
of the working scope of each of the individual Brazilian research unities.
UFPE; UFPR; UFRN; UFRPE; UFRRJ; UFS; UFV; UGF; UnB; UNEMAT; budget is changing in Amazonia, and about 30% of the incoming radiation
In addition, the INCT in Comparative Physiology guides efforts to imple-
UNESP; UNIFEI; UNIFESP; UNIR; UNITAU; UNIVALI; USP
is absorbed by aerosols released by biomass burning; i) studies detected
ment and sediment new high standard research groups in the Brazil with
that, in the mega city of São Paulo, extreme rainfall events above 50 and
special emphasis on the formation and improvement of highly qualified
Main researchers
100 mm/day have become more frequent and intense since 1960, and that
human resources for this activity. With its efforts directed to research and
A P. Aguiar, A. Cirilo, C. Barcellos, C. Garcia, C. Joly, C. Nobre, C. Stech, this increase can be more attributed to urbanization and land use changes
human resources formation, the INCT in Comparative Physiology have
E. Campos, E. Haddad, E. Pereira, F. Scarano, G. Câmara, G. Fisch, H. than to climate change caused by global warming due to the increase in
been conquered some advances.
Rocha, J. Marcovitch, J. Marengo, J. P. Bonatti, J. Tomasella, J. Trotte, J.P. the concentration of GHG; j) climate change may accelerate coastal erosion
Projections of changes in rainfall and extreme rainfall for South America • We have support the fully establishment of new research groups in com-
Ometto, K. Longo, L. Machado, L. Martinelli, L.C. Costa, M. A. Santos, in the southern coast of Brazil and may also affect coastal biodiversity; k)
parative physiology placed at the Associated Centers: UNIFESP – Diadema;
M. Bustamente, M. Cardoso, M. Costa, M. Forti, M. Lahsen, P. Alvala, preliminary results suggest that climate change will have adverse effects
UNESP – São José do Rio Preto; UFSCar – Sorocaba; UFBA – Salvador.
P. Artaxo, P. Moutinho, P. Nobre, P. Silva Dias, R. Alvala, R. do Carmo, S. on Brazil’s growth and welfare, though some sectors and regions may be
• Our net for collaborative work and structural support for research
Hacon, T. Ambrizzi, T. Soares
positively affected; they also suggest that it will reinforce the country’s
have been effective in expanding the research net of work with some
regional inequalities, i.e., the poorer will suffer more than the wealthier; l)
other new laboratories, which are in the implementation process in
Main research topics
climate change will alter significantly the transmission patterns of diseases
other Associated Research Centers: UNIFESP- Diadema; USP – Ribei-
The four broad themes are: I) the scientific basis of climate change,
which encompasses studies about: functioning of the Amazonian ecosystem,
land use change and its consequences, the oceans, greenhouse
such as malaria, Leptospirosis and dengue fever in Brazil, and health problems
will be aggravated by globalization, environmental changes, and the
degradation of the government systems, because all these factors interact
National Institute of Science and Technology in
Comparative Physiology – INCT-FisC
rão Preto; UFSJ – São João del-Rei;
• We provided both high standard national and international courses
with lectures of a top group of international professors. The courses
gases, biosphere-atmosphere interactions, and the development of more closely and in complex ways; m) a promising initiative regarding research
were directed for undergraduate students or posgrad researchers and
precise climatic scenarios; II) studies about impact, adaptation and on mitigation of Greenhouse gas emissions involves the replacement of O2
Management committee
Brazilian professors.
vulnerability to climate change related to: hydric resources, agriculture, from air by that from metallic oxides (O2 carriers); the aim is to provide
Augusto Shinya Abe (Coordinator)
The INCT-FisC also provides interchange of researchers and students
biodiversity, human health, coastal zones, renewable energies, cities, hydrogen, instead of CO2, as a final product in general combustion pro-
Cléo Alcantara Costa Leite
among the Associated Research Centers in Brazil and other countries.
economy, and the interaction between science, technology and public cesses; n) there was a refinement of the calculations of emission factors
José Eduardo de Carvalho
Our intent with that is to stimulate and promote dynamic cooperation
policies; III) the mitigation of emissions from: lakes and reservoirs, for the main greenhouse gases and aerosols that originate from Amazon
Ana Lucia Kalinin
and the improvement in working experience to improve the research in
combustion processes, and deforestation and environmental degradation; biomass burning, thus contributing to a better quantification of their effect
Luciane Gargaglione
comparative physiology in Brazil.
and IV) the development of technological products: the Brazilian Model in the greenhouse warming of the atmosphere
of the Global Climate System, the Atmospheric Model of the Brazilian
Associated Institutions
Main publications
National Institute for Space Research’s Center for Weather Forecast and Main publications
UNESP-Rio Claro; UNESP-Jaboticabal; UNESP-Rio Preto; UFSCar;
1. Tattersall, G. J.; Andrade, D. O. V.; Abe, A. S. Heat Exchange from the
Climate Studies (CPTEC), multi-scale modeling theory, instruments to [1] Reboita MS, Da Rocha RP, Ambrizzi, T & Sugahara S. South Atlantic
UFSCar-Sorocaba; UFJS; UFBA; UNIFESP-Diadema; USP-Ribeirão Preto Toucan Bill Reveals a Controllable Vascular Thermal Radiator. Science, v.
measure climatic variables, and information systems for the reduction of Ocean cyclogenesis climatology simulated by regional climate model
325, p. 468-470, 2009.
risks due to natural disasters.
(RegCM3). Climate Dynamics. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-009-0668-7. 2009.
Main researchers
2. Leite, C. A. C.; Taylor, E. W.; Guerra, C. D. R.; Florindo, L. H.; Belão, T.;
[2] Marengo J, Ambrizzi T, Rocha RP, Alves LM, Cuadra SV, Valverde MC,
Augusto Shinya Abe, Denis Otavio Vieira de Andrade, Luciane Garga- Rantin, F. T. The role of the vagus nerve in the generation of cardiores-
Summary of achievements and perspectives
Ferraz SET, Torres RR & Santos DC. Future change of climate in South America
glione, Kenia Bicego, Luiz Henrique Florindo, Ana Kalinin, Francisco piratory interactions in a Neotropical fish, the pacu, Piaractus meso-
After one year of existence, some of the most important research and in the late XXI Century: Intercomparison of scenarios from three regional
Tadeu, Rantin, Monica Jones Costa, Luciano Rivarolli, André Cruz, José potamicus. Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Sensory, Neural, and
technological results of INCT for CC: a) projections of changes in subtropi- climate models. Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-009-0721-6. 2009.
Eduardo de Carvalho, Cléo A. Costa Leite, Wilfred Klein, William K. Behavioral Physiology. 2009. 195, p. 721-731, 2009.
cal cyclones in global warming experiments suggest that the cyclogenesis [3] Copertino MS, Garcia AM, Garcia CAE & Muelbert JH (Eds). Climate
Milsom, Tobias Wang, David McKenzie, Edwin W. Taylor, James Hicks, 3. Biancardi, Vivian ; da Silva, Luana Tenório ; Bicego, K.C. ; Gargaglioni,
regions closer to the Brazilian southern coast will tend to move southward; Changes on Brazilian Coastal Zones. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic
Glenn Tattersall
L.H. . Role of Locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons in cardiorespiratory
b) climate change projections suggest an increase in the frequency and Sciences (Special Issue). Em revisão. 2010.
and thermal control during hypoxia. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobio-
intensity of rainfall as well as dry spells in southeastern South America, [4] Hirota M, Nobre C, Oyama MD & Bustamante MMC. Climatic sensiti-
Main research topics
logy, v. 170, p. 150-156, 2010.
while northern and northeastern South America should experience rainfall vity of the forest, savanna and forest-savanna transition in tropical South
• The determination of the mechanistic bases under physiological 4. Taylor, E. W. ; Andrade, D. O. V. ; Abe, A. S. ; Leite, C. A. C. ; Wang,
reductions and drought; c) fire and deforestation patterns in Amazonia can America. New Phytologist, no prelo.
processes.
T. The unequal influences of the left and right vagi on the control of the
be explained by patterns and seasonality of atmospheric and soil moisture; [5] Cardoso M, Nobre C, Sampaio G, Hirota M, Valeriano, D & Câmara
• The elucidation of how several different evolutionary forces worked heart and pulmonary artery in the rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus. Journal
d) fires in vegetation produced by lightning are extremely important for G. Long-term potential for tropical-forest degradation due to defores-
for the rising and maintenance of the characters presented by the of Experimental Biology, v. 212, p. 145-151, 2009.
the dynamics of a forest-savanna transition in Southern Amazonia, and tation and fires in the Brazilian Amazon. Biologia (Bratislava) v. 64, p.
present fauna.
5. Barros, F. C.; Carvalho, J. E.; Abe, A. S.; Kohlsdorf, T . Fight versus
on the absence of such fire the forest-cerrado boundary would penetrate 433-437. 2009.
• The study on functional translation of the genotypic differences on the flight: the interaction of temperature and body size determines antipreda-
about 200-250 km into what is currently the cerrado in central Brazil; [6] Nobre CA & Borma LS. Tipping points for the Amazon forest. Current
level of the organism and their interaction with the environment.
tor behaviour in tegu lizards. Animal Behavior, v. 79, p. 83-88, 2010.
e) projecting the future spatial distribution of major biomes in Amazonia
Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 1: 28-36, 2009.
• The effort to provide new models to understand/solve mechanistic and 6. Monteiro, D ; Rantin, F ; Kalinin, A . The effects of selenium on
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