oreningarna inom Stockholms stad. - Stockholm Vatten

Vägmaterialets bidrag till dagvattenföroreningarna i Stockholms stad.doc
INNEHÅLLSFÖRTECKNING
FÖRORD ............................................................................................................................................................... 1
SAMMANFATTNING ......................................................................................................................................... 2
1. INLEDNING...................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 BAKGRUND ................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 SYFTE .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
2. UTFÖRANDE OCH METODER.................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 LITTERATURSÖKNING ............................................................................................................................ 8
2.2 METODIK .................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.3 FELKÄLLOR OCH OSÄKERHETER......................................................................................................... 9
3. STOCKHOLMS STAD .................................................................................................................................. 10
3.1 DAGVATTENHANTERING I STOCKHOLMS STAD............................................................................ 10
4. METALLER I SAMHÄLLET....................................................................................................................... 13
4.1 TUNGMETALLER..................................................................................................................................... 14
4.1.1 Kvicksilver............................................................................................................................................ 14
4.1.2 Kadmium .............................................................................................................................................. 15
4.1.3 Bly ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
4.1.4 Zink....................................................................................................................................................... 15
4.1.5 Koppar.................................................................................................................................................. 15
4.1.6 Nickel.................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.1.7 Krom..................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.1.8 Kobolt................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.1.9 Vanadin ................................................................................................................................................ 17
4.2 METALLERS FÖREKOMSTFORM, TRANSPORT OCH BIOTILLGÄNGLIGHET ............................ 17
4.3 METALLER I STOCKHOLM................................................................................................................... 18
5. FÖRORENINGAR FRÅN TRAFIKEN........................................................................................................ 19
5.1 FÖRORENINGAR FRÅN FORDON......................................................................................................... 19
5.2 FÖRORENINGAR FRÅN VÄGSLITAGE................................................................................................ 20
5.3 PARTIKELSPRIDNING ............................................................................................................................ 21
5.4 PARTIKLARS MILJÖ- OCH HÄLSOEFFEKTER................................................................................... 22
5.4.1 Vattenburna partiklar........................................................................................................................... 22
5.4.2 Luftburna partiklar............................................................................................................................... 23
6. VÄGKONSTRUKTION OCH VÄGMATERIAL ....................................................................................... 24
6.1 HISTORIK .................................................................................................................................................. 24
6.2 VÄGKONSTRUKTION............................................................................................................................. 24
6.2.1 Asfalt .................................................................................................................................................... 25
6.3 STENMATERIAL ...................................................................................................................................... 26
6.3.1 Bergarter som används i vägkonstruktion............................................................................................ 26
6.3.2 Sammansättning av stenmaterialet....................................................................................................... 26
6.4 BINDEMEDEL........................................................................................................................................... 29
6.4.1 Bitumen ................................................................................................................................................ 29
6.4.2 Övriga bindemedel ............................................................................................................................... 30
6.4.3 PAH...................................................................................................................................................... 30
6.5 HALKBEKÄMPNING ............................................................................................................................... 31
6.5.1 Saltning ................................................................................................................................................ 31
6.5.2 Sandning............................................................................................................................................... 32
6.6 VÄGFÄRG.................................................................................................................................................. 33
7. VÄGSLITAGE ................................................................................................................................................ 34
7.1 FAKTORER SOM PÅVERKAR VÄGSLITAGE...................................................................................... 34
7.2 STUDIER AV VÄGSLITAGE ................................................................................................................... 36
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