УК гд а Уж × в
УК гд а Уж × в
УК гд а Уж × в
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ÔØÖºÊ<strong>×</strong>ÙÐØ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÌ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><br />
Ö<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒØÓØÛ<strong>×</strong>Ð<strong>×</strong>ÓÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÙØÒ℄ºÌÏÝÐÚØÓÖρ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>Ñ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖØ 4ÓÖ¹<br />
ÙÒÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖ℄ºÌÑÒÖÝÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>ÖÑÒÙÒÒ<strong>×</strong>ÛÐиÙØØÖÑÙй<br />
5ÓÖÔÖÑNºÐ<strong>×</strong>ÓØØÖÖÐ<strong>×</strong>ÑÔÐÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>ÖÑÒ ËØÖØÒÖÓÑØÔÖÓÙØÜÔÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÓÖ∆ 3/2 (Z)ØÃÅÄ<strong>×</strong>ÙÔÖÐÖ¸G ÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>ºÌÓÖÓÐÒÓÒÐÝÒØÑÙÐØÔÐØ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÑÒÖÝÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖ¹ ÒØ<strong>×</strong>Ñ<strong>×</strong>ØÓÖÐ<strong>×</strong>ÑÔÐÖÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>¸ÏÝÐÖÓÙÔ¸ÏÝÐÚØÓÖ¸ÒÑÒÖÝ<br />
ÐÖ<strong>×</strong>G NÓÖN = 1, 2, 3,<br />
NÛÖÐÐÚÒÝØ<strong>×</strong>ÑÖØÒÑØÖܸ<br />
ÖÒØÚÐÙ<strong>×</strong>ÓNºÁØÛ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÒØØØ<strong>×</strong>ÑÔØØÖÒÓÒØÒÙ<strong>×</strong>ØÓÓÐÓÖØÃÅ<br />
1/2ÓÖÔÖÑN¸Û ØÔÐØ<strong>×</strong>ÖÒÝØÓÖÓÐÒºÓÖ∆ k/2 (Z) = (Φ k (Z))<br />
ÖÐÐØØØÃÅÄ<strong>×</strong>ÙÔÖÐÖ<strong>×</strong>G ÑÙÐØÔÐØÚη¹ÕÙÓØÒØ<strong>×</strong>ØØÖ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓØÛØØÖÑ<strong>×</strong>Ô<strong>×</strong>˜ρÚÒ<br />
2¹ÈË<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÚÒÝ Ä<strong>×</strong>ÙÔÖÐÖÚÒÛÒN<strong>×</strong>ÒÓÒ¹ÔÖÑÓÖ∆ η¹ÔÖÓÙØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒØÓÝÐ<strong>×</strong>Ô<strong>×</strong>º ÒÌк¸ÒÖÐÞÒØÓÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒÖ<strong>×</strong>ÙÐØÓÖÀÄ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÒ<strong>×</strong>ÛÖ<br />
2¹ÈË<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÛÖÚÒÝÑÙÐØÔÐØÚ<br />
3/2<br />
•ÁÒ½¼℄Ø<strong>×</strong>Ò<strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒØØØÓÙÒØÒÓ1<br />
2¹ÈË<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>Ö ØÒÖØÒÙÒØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖØ1<br />
ØÔÐØÚη¹ÕÙÓØÒØ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÑÒÝØÖÑ<strong>×</strong>Ô<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓØÛØØÓÒÙÝ ÚÒÝÑÙÐØÔÐØÚη¹ÔÖÓÙØ<strong>×</strong>ºÌÛ<strong>×</strong>ÜØÒØÓØØÝÔÁÁÑÓÐ<strong>×</strong>ÛÖ<br />
2¹ÈË<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÛÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒØÓÚÒÝÑÙй<br />
2¹ÈË<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>¸<br />
ÁØÛ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒÒ℄ØØØÒÖÝÓØÐØÖÐÐÝÖ1<br />
4¹ÈË<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong><br />
ØÒÖÝÓØÐØÖÐÐÝÖ1<br />
ØÝÔÁÁÑÓÐ<strong>×</strong>ÚÒÓÙÒÒØÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÑÓÙÐÖÓÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÒÖØÒ<br />
Ð<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓCo 1ºÍ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÑÓÙÐÖÓÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÒÖØÒØÒÖÝÓØ1 4º ØØÚÐØÓÖØÑÓÙÐÖÓÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÒÖØÒØÒÖÝÓØ1<br />
4¹ÈË<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÀÄÑÓÐ<strong>×</strong>º<strong>×</strong>ÑÐÖÖÐØÓÒ<strong>×</strong><br />
ÖÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÙØÓÖN = 2, 3ÒÓÒØÙÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÖÓÚÓÖN •ÁÒ½¼℄ØÑÓÙÐÖÓÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÒÖØÒØÒÖÝÓ1<br />
ÚÒÜÔÖ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÒØÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÚÖÓÙ<strong>×</strong>ËÐÑÓÙÐÖÓÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÓÙÖÒÒØÀÄ<br />
2ÓÖÖØÓÒ<strong>×</strong> 3ØÝÔÁÁ ØÒÖÝÓ1 Ð<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÓÙÒÓÖØÑÓÙÐÖÓÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÒÖØÒØ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÒR ÒØÖÔÖØ<strong>×</strong>ØÒÓÑÒØÓÖÒØØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÃÅÄ<strong>×</strong>ÙÔÖÐÖ<strong>×</strong>ºÜÔÖ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÒØ ÑÓÐ<strong>×</strong>ºÌÑÓÙÐÖÓÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÀÄÑÓÐ<strong>×</strong>ÚÒÛÐÐ<strong>×</strong>ØÙÒÚÒ<br />
4ºÁÒ½¼℄Ø<strong>×</strong>ÑÓÙÐÖÓÖÑ<strong>×</strong> Ú¸ÂØÖÒËÒÚÔÖÓÚÔÖÓÙØÓÖÑÙÐÓÖØN<br />
ÑÓÙÐÖÓÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÓØØÝÔÁÁÑÓÐ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÙÖÒÒØÀÄÑÓÐ<strong>×</strong><br />
= 2,<br />
ÑÓÐ<strong>×</strong>¿½℄ÒØÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÓØØÛ<strong>×</strong>ØÐÐÔØÒÙ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖT <strong>×</strong>ÓÙÐÐÔÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÙÝÒØÙÒÖÐÝÒÃÅÄ<strong>×</strong>ÙÔÖÐÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÙØÙÖ¸Òݺ ½<br />
(Z)º<br />
=
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